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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychoactive drug
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a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
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tolerance
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the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect
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withdrawal
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the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
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physical dependence
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a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
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psychological dependence
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a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relive negative emotions
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addiction
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compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
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depressants
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drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
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barbiturates
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drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
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opiates
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opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroine; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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stimulants
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drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body function
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amphetamines
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drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
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methamphetamine
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a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; overtime appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
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ecstacy
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a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition
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hallucinogens
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psychedelic drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
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LSD
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a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
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near-death experience
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an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
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THC
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the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
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gender
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in psychology, in the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
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developmental psychology
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a branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive and social change throughout the life span
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maturation
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biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
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cognition
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all the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
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schema
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a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
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assimilation
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interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
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accommodation
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adapting our current understanding which incorporate new information
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sensorimotor stage
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in piaget's theory the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
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object permanence
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the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
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preoperational stage
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in Piaget's theory the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
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conservation
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the principle that properties such as mass volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
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egocentrism
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in piaget's theory, the pre operational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
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theory of mind
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people's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
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concrete operational stage
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in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
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formal operational stage
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in Piaget's theory the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
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stranger anxiety
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the fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by about 8 months of age
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attachment
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an emotional tie with another person shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
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critical period
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an optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
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