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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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set of norms
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to interprete a set of scores we need data from samples of individuals on how they score on the test
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criterion referencing
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the task itself is the criterion to which performance is referred
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average score/norm score
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relate the raw score to the average score (norm) of a representative group of people similar to the person being tested
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linear transformation
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addition of a constant to all raw scores
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linear transformation
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z score
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non linear transformation
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percentile
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normal curve
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statistical distribution that has a bell shape, half the scores above the mean half the scores below the mean
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achievement test
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test to assess past learning
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aptitude test
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test to assess future learning potential
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attribute or characteristic
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the consistent set of behaviours thoughts feeling that is the target of a psychological test
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BARS
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behaviorally anchored rating scales
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base rate
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the proportion of individuals in the population who show a behaviour of interest in a given psychological testing or assessment situation
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Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety
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Aaron Beck: short self report scales to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety
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BOS
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behavioural observation scales
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CAT
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computerized adaptive testing
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CHC theory of intelligence
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Cattel horn Cattel:
Gf-Gc theory, and Carrols three stratum theory, which proposes three levels or strata of abilities: narrow broad and general (g) |
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Classical test theory
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a set of ideas expressed mathmatically and statistically test comprising both true and error score components
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communality
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the amount of variance in a given variable that is shared with the factors constituting a particular factor matrix
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concurrent validity
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predictive validity: in which the index of social behaviour is obtained close in time to score on the psychological test
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confirmatory factor ananlysis
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the use of factor analysis to test hypotheses about the factor structure of a set of variable
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congruence
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a close match between vocational interests and actual occupation
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construct
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a specific idea or concept about a psychological process or underlying trait that is hypothesis on the basis of a psychological theory
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construct validity
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the meaning of a test score made possible by knowledge of the patterns of relationships it enters into with other variables and the theoretical interpretation of those relationships
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content validity
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the meaning that can be attached to a score on a psych test on the basis of inspection of the material that constitutes the test
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convergent and discriminant validity
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the subjection of a multi-trait-multimethod matrix to a set of criteria that specify which correlations should be large and which mean small in terms of a psychological theory of the constructs
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What is the difference between a norm referenced test and a criterion-referenced test?
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Interpretation of norm-referenced test data is relative to others whereas interpretation of criterion-referenced test data is relative to own performance or some other criteria, such as competency
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What are two ways to measure internal consistency?
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Split half reliability and intercorrelations among items (cronbach alpha)
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What is SEM?
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An estimate of the amount of error associated with an obtained score
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An estimate of the amount of error inherent in an observed score or measurement is known as what?
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SEM
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What two things are required in order to calculate the SEM?
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Standard deviation and reliability coefficient
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What is the acceptable range for the reliability coefficient in research?
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.7 to .8
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What is content validity
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Whether the items on a test represent the domain that the test is supposed to measure
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What are the four main types of validity?
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1. Face validity
2. Content validity 3. Criterion-related validity (concurrent and predictive) 4. Construct validity (convergent and discriminant) |
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What are the two aspects of criterion-related validity?
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Concurrent and predictive
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What is concurrent validity?
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Whether test scores are related to a currently available criterion measure
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What is predictive validity?
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The correlation between test scores and future performance on a relevant criterion
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What are the two aspects of construct validity?
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Convergent and discriminant validity
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What is construct validity?
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The extent to which a test emasures a particular construct or psychological concept
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What is convergent validity?
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Correlations on different measure of the same domain in different formats eg. Parent and teacher ratings on the CBCL
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What is one statistical analysis used to determine construct validity?
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Factor analysis
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What does a reliable test do?
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Consistently measures in the same way
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What does a valid test do?
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Measure what it purports to measure
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Criterion-Referenced scores
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aka Domain-Referenced and Content-Referenced
able to interpret performance in terms of extent of knowledge within a certain domain or external criterion |
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Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
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general intelligence (g)
specific factors (s) performance depends on "g" plus any one or more "s" factors that are unique to the task |
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Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
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Horn and Cattell
Crystallized (Gc): acquired knowledge and skills Fluid (Gf): relatively culture-free, does not depend on instruction and enables person to solve novel problems |
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Carrol's Three Stratum Theory
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Stratum III: g
Stratum II: 8 broad abilities including Gf Stratum I: specific abilities that link to on of Stratum II abilities |
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McGrew's Cattell-Horn-Carrol Theory of Cognitive Abilities
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CHC
10 broad stratum level abilities 70 narrow-stratum abilities that are linked to 10 broad stratum levels based on extensive research used for KABC and Woodcock-Johnson III |
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Convergent thinking
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rational, logical reasoning and using logical judgement and consideration of fact
Guilford |
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Divergent Thinking
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nonlogical processes and requires creativity and flexibility to derive multiple solutions
Guilford |
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
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"successful intelligence" - ability to adapt, modify and accomplish goals with 3 abilities (analytical, creative, practical)
Sternberg believed that traditional tests focused on analytical and neglected creative and practical abilities |
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Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
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8 types of cognitive abilities
linguistic musical logical-mathematical spatial bodily-kinesthetic interpersonal intrapersonal naturalistic |
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WAIS IV
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16-90 years old
Weschler's view of intelligence: interrelated functions to "act purposefully, to think rationally and deal effectively with his/her env" Practice effects: +4.5 in FSIQ Rarely does IQ decrease, except once 70 years old likely to decrease by 7 or 8 |
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Raven's Progressive Matrices
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6+years old
nonverbal measure of g good for: hearing impaired, ESL, aphasia, limited physical ability identify missing component in matrix 5-11 years - colored matrices Advanced Progressive Matrices for adolescents |
