Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Basic research |
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |
|
|
Applied research |
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. |
|
|
The scientific method |
a way to determine facts and control the possibilities of error and bias when observing behavior. |
|
|
Five steps in the scientific method |
1. formulate question 2. develop a hypothesis 3. test the hypothesis 4. drawing conclusions 5. reporting the results |
|
|
Replication |
The aim for all research; to be able to repeat the study and get the same results. |
|
|
Non-Experimental Method |
Naturalistic observations, lab observations, case studies, and surveys. |
|
|
Naturalistic Observations |
the study of people or animals in their natural environment. + allows researchers to get a realistic picture of how behavior occurs - observer effect/observer bias/each setting is unique |
|
|
Lab observations |
Method of conducting research in a controlled environment +controlled situation -subjects might not behave the same as if they were in a natural environment. |
|
|
Case studies |
study of one individual/subject in great detail. +tremendous amount of detail on unique/individual subjects. -can't apply research to larger population/researcher bias. |
|
|
Surveys |
Method of conducting research in the form of interviews +researchers can ask lots of questions to lots of people -accuracy of responses/wording of questions/response bias |
|
|
Experimental methods |
the experiment, operational definitions, independent variable, dependent variable, informed consent. |
|
|
The experiment |
the only research method that allows researchers to determine the cause of a behavior |
|
|
operational definitions |
require researchers to clearly define the variables to be measured. |
|
|
independent variable |
the variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter to see if related changes occur in the behavior or responses of the participants, and is given to the experimental group. |
|
|
dependent variable |
variable in the experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment. |
|
|
informed consent |
permission from a person to participate in an experiment, after the risks and purposes have been explained. |
|
|
Experimental group |
includes participants who are subjected to the independent variable |
|
|
Control group |
consists of participants who are not subjected to the independent variable. |
|
|
Ethics in Psychological research |
APA has ethical standards to be maintained and the IRB (International Review Board) is used to analyze research proposals. |
|
|
Humanitarian |
rights and well-being of participants must be weighed against the study's value to science. In other words, people come first, research second. |
|
|
Informed Consent |
Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation. When conducting research with minors, consent forms need to be signed by parents or guardians before any research and data gathering can be conducted. |
|
|
Justification |
A deception must be justified. The participants must be told after exactly why deception was important- this is called debriefing. |
|
|
Ethics in psychological research |
1. Humanitarian 2. Informed consent 3. Justification 4. Right to withdraw 5. Risks and Benefits 6. Debriefing 7. Confidentiality |
|
|
Right to withdraw |
participants may withdraw from the study at any time. |
|
|
Risks and benefits |
participants must be protected from risks or told explicitly of risks |
|
|
Debriefing |
Investigators must debrief participants, telling the true nature of the study and expectations of results. |
|
|
Confidentiality |
data must remain confidential. Psychologists today tend to report only group results rather than results for a single individual. |
|
|
Ethical Guidelines for Research with Animals |
Avoid exposing animals to UNNECESSARY pain or suffering. The death of any animal must be accomplished HUMANELY. Institutions receiving federal funds must have a standing Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) to review and approve all animal research conducted at the institution. |
