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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A smart consumer of psychological treatments
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1. Be skeptical of Internet and TV drug promos
2. Make an informed decision when you choos a therapist 3. Choose a therapy most likely to help you 4. Try self help groups 5. Choose self help books that are based on science |
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What can you do to avoid risks associated with poor therapists
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Educate self about therapies and use critical thinking skills
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The scientist-practitioner gap
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A widening breach between the psychological researchers and practicing therapists. Due to professional schools not being connected to academic psychology departments
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Client-centered therapy
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A humanist approach devised by Carl Rogers, which emphasizes the therapist's empathy with the client and the use Of conditional positive regard
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How do Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy and Beck's cognitive therapy attempt to treat mental disorders
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Ellis- challenges clients irrational thoughts with logical and rational arguments
Beck- trys to change irrational and unproductive ways of thinking to reduce negative emotions |
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Contingency management
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Managing the consequences to change behavior- examining and changing the relationship between the antecedent, behavior, and cosequence
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How does skills training help improve mental disorders
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In behavior therapy: an effort to teach the client skills the lack and create new constructive behavior to replace the defeating ones
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Systematic desensitization
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Behavior therapy: a step by step process of breaking down conditioned responses associated with a feared object or situation
- a stimulus for an unwanted response is paired with another stimulus that elicits a response incompatible with the undesired one - clients learn to relax deeply while looking at a sequence of feared stimuli arranged from least to most terrifying |
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Exposure therapy
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-graduated exposure: person suffering from an anxiety disorder is gradually introduced into a fearful situation until anxiety subsides
-flooding: exposes the client directly to the feared stimuli until anxiety decreases |
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How do Psycho therapies try to cure mental disorders
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Focus on resolving internal conflicts and attempt to bring subconscious thought into conscious awareness through:
-free association, word association, transference, dream interpretation |
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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Shock therapy used on prolonged cases of severe major depression. Used for high risk suicide patients as a last resort when other therapies have failed
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Six cautions about drug treatments
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1. Placebo effect
2. High relapse and drop out rate 3. Disregard for effective non medice treatment 4. Dosage problems 5. Unknown risks over time 6. Untested offlabel uses |
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Most common biological treatment
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Medicines that alter the production and the response to neurotransmitters in the brain
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What is Anorexia
What is Bulimia |
Anorexia- the fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a healthy weight- misconceived perception of body image
Bulimia- binge eating and then purging through laxatives, vomiting, or excessive exercise |
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What is a word Salad
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Disorganozes anne incoherent speech. Words linked by remote associations
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Difference between hallucinations and delusions
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Hallucination- hearing seeing smelling something that is non existent
Delusions- extremely false beliefs - persecution: being followed -control: others control your actions -reference: believing in uncorrelated events |
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Types of Schizophrenia
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Paranoid- hallucinations and delusions
Disorganized- disrupted speech and emotions Catatonic- engaging in strange physical movements (echoing everyone or holding positions for a long time) Undifferentiated- severe problems exist but do not fit into the other categories |
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Disociative identity disorder and it's controversy
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Disorder marked by the appearance of two or more personalities within one person each with their own name
Controversy: only a few cases before 1970 and 10,000 after 1980 |
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Substance abuse
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A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
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Borderline personality disorder
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Pervasive pattern of unstable relations and a fragile self image. Intense fear of abandonment and rejection. Often self mutilate
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Bipolar disorder
What is a manic state |
A serious mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of mania followed by deep depression
Manic state- a state of elated euphoria (short time span) |
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What is major depression
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One of the most common disorders: feeling of worhlessness and diminished interests. Must last 2 weeks before diagnosed
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Obsessive compulsive disorder
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Intrusive distressful thoughts and repetitive behaviors intended to supreas them
Obsession- persistent bothersome thought Compulsion- behaviors functioning to alleviate obsession |
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What is a phobia
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Irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation that poses no actual danger
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Post traumatic stress disorder
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Chronic anxiety and intrusive memories which occur at least 1 month after a traumatic event
Symptoms: increased arousal Avoidance of small stimuli related to trauma Re-experiencing trauma |
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Uncontrollable and continuous worry about everyday situations
- must occur for a majority of days over a 6 month period but not induced by disease drugs or coffee |
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DSM
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Pirpose is to classify psychological disorders
Advantages: - diagnosis are made with valid tests -differentiates disorders with similar symptoms Disadvantages: - over diagnosing - confusion of serious mental problems with normal ones - illusion of objectivity and universiallity |
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What is a mental disorder
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Any behavior or emotional state that causes individuals great suffering, is self destructive, seriously impairs the persons ability to work or get along with others or endangers the community
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