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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the mind made up of? |
The conscious (what we are aware of), the pre-conscious (stored memories and thoughts) and the unconscious (biological drives and instincts influencing behaviour we are unaware of) |
3 components to do with consciousness |
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What is the tripartite structure of personality? |
The Id is primitive and operates on the pleasure principle, the ego is the mediator working on the reality principle, the superego works according to the morality principle and punishes the ego through guilty |
Id, ego and superego |
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What are the psychosexual stages? |
(0-1) Oral/mouth pleasure focus, (1-3) anal/anus around the time of potty training, (3-5) phallic/genital, earlier conflicts are repressed in the latency stage and then during puberty sexual desires become conscious - genital stage |
OAPLG135 |
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Explain how the psychosexual stages work |
In each stage a different conflict must be resolved - anything unresolved leads to fixation in the stage through to adulthood |
Unresolved conflict and fixation |
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What is the oedipus complex? |
In the phallic stage, boys develop incestuous feelings for their mother and hatred for their father. They later repress these feelings and identify with their father by taking on gender roles and moral values. Girls experience penis envy. |
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What defence mechanisms does the ego use on the id? |
Repression is forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind, denial is refusing to acknowledge reality and displacement is transferring feelings onto a substitute target. |
Repression, denial, displacement |
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How can this approach be practically applies to the real world? |
This approach led to a new form of therapy called psychoanalysis which is designed to access the unconcious mind with techniques like dream analysis. It is useful for people with mild neuroses but not for more severe psychotic disorders. Psychoanalysis has influenced many modern-day psychotherapies. |
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Why is Freud's case study method a problem for this approach? |
Freud developed his universal claims from a small number of case studies like Little Hans, Dora and Rat Man. These case studies are detailed but his interpretations were highly subjective and other researches likely would not have drawn the same conclusions. Therefore the approach lacks scientific rigour. |
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What did Karl Popper argue about untestable concepts within the approach? |
He said that the approach doesn't meet the scientific criteria of falsification - concepts likr the id or Oedipus complex cannot be proved or disproved because they occur at an unconscious level. Therefore this approach has been given the status of pseudoscience ("fake science"). |
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Why does the psychodynamic approach have good explanatory power? |
This approach has helped to explain a wide range of behaviours (moral and mental disorders) and has emphasised the importance of childhood on adult personality. This made it one of the dominant psychological approaches in the first half of the 2th century. |
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