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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parkinson's drug that selectively inhibits MAO-B
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selegiline
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epilepsy drug that can cause agranulocytosis
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carbamazepine
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what do you use to treat benzodiazepine overdose?
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flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA receptor)
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seizure drug that can cause SLE-like syndrome
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phenytoin
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what is the mechanism of dilantin/phenytoin?
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use-dependent blockade of Na+ channels
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chronic use of this anti-epileptic can cause gingival hyperplasia in kids, peripheral neuropathy, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, and malignant hyperthermia
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phenytoin
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mechanism of action of barbiturates?
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facilitate GABA action by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing
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what seizure drug is contraindicated in porphyria?
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barbiturates
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barbiturates do what to the P-450 system?
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induce it
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what epilepsy drug is associated with hepatotoxicity and neural tube defects?
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valproic acid
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what drug is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperprexia)
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dantrolene and dopamine agonists
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tardive dyskinesia can result from long-term use of what class of drugs?
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neuroleptics (antipsychotics) - thioridazine, haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine
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schizophrenia drug that can cause agranulocytosis
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clozapine
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side effects of lithium?
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polyuria (ADH antagonist causeing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), hypothyrodism
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what is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone)
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block 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors
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what is 'serotonin syndrome'?
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can occur when SSRIs are given with MAOI's - hperthermia, muscle rigidity, CV collapse
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fluoxetine, sertaline, paroxetine, and citalopram are what type of drugs?
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SSRIs
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how do TCAs work?
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block reuptake of NE and serotonin - imipramine, amitrptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin
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what TCA can be used for bedwetting?
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imipramine
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which TCA is the least sedating?
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desipramine
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which class of antidepressants has convulsions, coma, arrythmias, respiratory depression as potential toxicities?
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tricyclics
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tricyclics can cause confusion and hallucinations in elderly due to anticholinergic side effects - what do you use?
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nortriptyline
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which of the SSRIs inhibits the P-450 system?
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fluvoxamine
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which atypical antipsychotic can also be used to treat OCD, GAD, depression, mania?
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olanzapine
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what is the mechanism of antipsychotic drugs?
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block dopamine D2 receptors
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this parkinson's drug agonizes dopamine receptors
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bromocriptine
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mechanism of action of amantadine? what is it used for?
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increased dopamine - parkinson's
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entacapone and tolcapone are parkinson's drugs that inhibit what?
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COMT - prevent dopamine breakdown
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this parkinson's drug curbs excess cholinergic activity
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benztropine - antimuscarinic, improves tremor and rigidity but has littel effect on bradykinesia
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mechanism of l-dopa
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increased level of dopamine in brain
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what is l-dopa administered with and why?
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carbidopa - a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor - increases the bioavailability of l-dopa in the brain and to limit peripheral side effects
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what is sumatriptan and what is it used for?
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5-HT1D agonist - causes vasoconstriction; used for acute migraine & cluster headache attacks
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sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with what? why?
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can cause coronary vasospasm, so contraindiicated in pts. with CAD or prinzmental's angina
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which 2 epilepsy drugs can cause stevens-johnson syndrome?
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lamotrigine, ethosuximide
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what is the first line drug for absence seizures?
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ethosuximide
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what is the first line drug for acute status epilepticus?
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benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam)
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what is the first line drug for prophylaxis of status epilepticus?
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phenytoin
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what is the first-line seizure drug for pregnant women, children?
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phenobarbital
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this drug is a first-line treatment for tonic-clonic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia
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carbamazepine
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what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
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facilitate GABAa action by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
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this class of antidepressants can cause sedation, alpha-blocking effects, atropine-like effects (tachycardia, urinary retention)
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TCAs
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what is the mechanism of action of venlafaxine?
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heterocyclic antidepressant - inhibits serotonin, NE, and dopamine reuptake
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mechanism of action of mirtazapine?
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alpha2 agonist - increases release of NE and serotonin, and potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
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this heterocyclic antidepressant blocks NE reuptake
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maprotiline
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what is the clinical use of MAOIs?
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atypical depression (i.e. with psychotic or phobic features(, anxiety, hypochondriasis
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MAOIs are contraindicated with what two classes of drugs?
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SSRIs and beta blockers (prevent serotonin syndrome)
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what is a sensitive indicator of alcohol use?
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serum gamma-glutamyltransferase
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disinhibition, emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, and blackout are signs of what type of intoxication?
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alcohol
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tremor, tachycrdia, hypertension, malaise, nausea, seizures, agitation, hallucinations are signs of withdrawal from what?
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alcohol
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CNS depression, nausea and vomiting, constipation, pinpoint pupils, and seizures may be signs of what type of intoxication?
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opiods
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anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, sweating, dilated pupils, fever, rhinorrhea, piloerection, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, yawning are signs of withdrawal from what type of drug?
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opiods
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psychomotor agitation, impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, euphoria, prolonged wakefulness and attention, cardiac arrythmias, delusions, hallucinations, and fever may be signs of what type of intoxication?
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amphetamines
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post use crash, including depression, lethargy, headache, stomach cramps, hunger, and hypersomnolence are characteristic of withdrawal from what?
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amphetamines
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euphoria, psychomotor agitation, impaired judgment, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, hypertension, hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, and sudden cardiac death may be signs of intoxication with what drug?
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cocaine
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post use crash, including severe depression and suicidality, hpersomnolence, fatigue, malaise, severe psychologial craving are characteristic of withdrawal from what?
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cocaine
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belligerence, impulsiveness, fever, pschomotor agitation, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, tachycardia, ataxia, homicidality, psychosis, and delerium are indicative of intoxication with what drug?
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PCP
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recurrence of intoxication symptoms due to reabsorption in GI tract, sudden onset of severe, random, homicidal violence may occur with withdrawal from what substance?
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PCP
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what 2 drugs are not typically associated with withdrawal symptoms?
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marijuana, LSD
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marked anxiety or depression, delusions, visual hallucinations, flashbacks, and pupil dilation are characteristic of intoxication with what substance?
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LSD
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euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, and hallucinations are characteristics of what type of substance use?
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marijuana
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which has a higher safety margin: barbiturates or benzodiazepines?
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benzodiazepines
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anxiety, seizures, delerium, life-threatening CV collapse are potential side effects of withdrawal from what?
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barbiturates
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what drug inhibits opiods?
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naltrexone
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this drug of abuse causes pupillary constriction/pinpoint pupils
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opiods
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these 3 drugs of abuse can cause pupillary dilation
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amphetamines, cocaine, LSD
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this drug of abuse can cause vertical and horizontal nystagmus
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PCP
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this drug of abuse can cause angina and sudden cardiac death
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cocaine
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which drug of abuse is associated wtih homicidality?
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PCP
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which epilepsy drug can cause kidney stones?
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topiramate
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name two MAOIs
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phenelzine, tranylcypormine
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what class of benzodiazepines are the most appropriate for acute insomnia and jet lag?
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short-acting, e.g. triazolam
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alpazolam is what type of benzodiazepine and what is it most often used for?
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intermediate-acting; panic attacks
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is secobarbital short- or long-acting?
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short
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what is xerostomia?
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dry mouth
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what type of drug is benztropine?
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anticholinergic - leads to anti-SLUDG side effects
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how do methamphetamine/amphetamine work?
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gain entrance to dopamine and NE nerve terminals, causing the release of these NTs via the uptake carriers; DA is a significant factor in the reinforcing effects of stimulants
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how does supatriptan work?
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serotonin1D agonist
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