Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the definition of anxiety disorders?
|
group of mental disorders characterized by the subjective and physiologic manifestations of fear
|
|
What are physical manfestations of anxiety?
|
• Dizziness
• GI disturbance (diarrhea) • Mydriasis (pupil dilation) • Palpitations • Sweating • Shakiness • Syncope • Tingling in the extremities • Tachycardia • Tremor • Urinary urgency and frequency |
|
What are medical conditions associated with anxiety?
|
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Excessive caffeine intake • Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism • Hypoglycemia • Mitral valve prolapse • Pheochromocytoma • Substance abuse • Vitamin B12 deficiency |
|
What are the 5 major classifications of anxiety disorders?
|
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Panic Disorder • Phobias • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
|
What are characteristics of anxiety symptoms?
|
• Period of anxiety symptoms that have a sudden onset and increase in intensity over an approximately 10-minute period
• Occur about twice weekly and last @ 30 minutes • Between attacks the patient fears having another attack |
|
What is the medical condition most resembling panic disorder?
|
myocardial infarction
|
|
What psychological conditions are most closely associated with panic disorders?
|
• Depression
• Factitious disorder • Generalized anxiety disorder • Hypochondriasis • Malingering • Social or specific phobia |
|
How can you induce a panic attack for diagnostic purposes?
|
• IV Sodium Lactate
• Inhalation of CO2 (breathing in & out of a bag) |
|
Anxiety disorder is more common in which gender?
|
females
|
|
What first line treatment for anxiety disorders?
|
1st line treatment is antidepressants
• SSRI: Prozac or Paxil 20mg/day • Tricyclics: Tofranil 150 – 300mg/day titrated slowly • MAOI: Nardil 30 – 75 mg/day |
|
What is the most useful benzodiazepine to treat panic disorder?
|
Alprazolam (Xanax) 2-6 mg/day
|
|
What is the most useful adjunct to pharmacotherapy in treating panic disorder?
|
cognitive therapy
|
|
What is the definition of specific phobia?
|
an irrational fear of certain specific things (ex. animals, heights, or needles)
|
|
What is the definition of social phobia?
|
an exaggerated fear of social or environmental situations (ex. public speaking or using a public restroom)
|
|
What are differential diagnosis of specific phobia?
|
• Hypochrondriasis
• OCD • Paranoid personality disorder • Panic disorder |
|
What are differential diagnosis of social phobia?
|
• major depressive disorder
• normal shyness • Schizoid personality disorder |
|
What is the treatment options for specific phobias?
|
• Systematic desensitization is most effective
• Hypnosis • Family therapy • Psychotherapy |
|
What are treatment options for social phobias?
|
• MAOIs (ex. Phenelzine/Nardil)
• Beta blockers (ex. propanolol, atenolol) |
|
What are characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
|
• Recurrent thoughts, feelings, and images (obsessions) or repetitive actions (compulsions)
• Most patients know that these thoughts and behaviors are irrational |
|
What are the most common compulsions?
|
• hand washing
• door locking • checking gas jets |
|
What are other conditions that resemble OCD?
|
• Schizophrenia
• Tourette disorder • temporal lobe epilepsy |
|
What are medical treatment options for OCD?
|
• Clomipramine [Anafronil] 150 – 250 mg/day
• Fluoxetine [Prozac] 40 – 80 mg/day • Fluvoxamine [Luvox] 100 – 300 mg/day * Behavioral therapy and supportive psychotherapy is also useful |
|
What are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
|
• Persistent symptoms of anxiety including hyperarousal
• Symptoms must last at least 6 months • Anxiety symptoms may not be related to a specific person or situation (free–floating anxiety) |
|
When does generalized anxiety disorder most commonly start?
|
3rd decade of life
|
|
What are treatment options for generalized anxiety disorder?
|
• Cognitive & behavioral therapy
• Pharmacologic treatment - Benzodiazepines (1st line drug treatment) - Buspirone (Buspar) |
|
Which benzodiazepines are short-acting?
|
• Lorazepam (Ativan)
• Oxazepam (Serax) • Triazolam (Halcion) |
|
Which benzodiazepines are intermediate-acting?
|
• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Temazepam (Restoril) |
|
Which benzodiazepines are long-acting?
|
• Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin) • Diazepam (Valium) • Flurazepam (Dalmane) |
|
Which benzo is used for psychotic agitation?
|
Lorazepam (Ativan)
|
|
Which benzos are used for alcohol withdrawal?
|
• Oxazepam (Serax): short-acting
• Chlordiazepoxide (Librium): long-acting |
|
Which benzos are used for insomnia?
|
• Triazolam (Halcion): short-acting
• Temazepam (Restoril): intermediate-acting • Flurazepam (Dalmane): long-acting |
|
Which benzo is used as an antidepressant and to treat panic disorder and social phobia?
|
Alprazolam (Xanax)
|
|
Which benzo is used for seizures, mania, social phobia, and panic disorder?
|
clonazepam (Klonopin)
|
|
Which benzo is used for muscle relaxation, analgesia, and as an anticonvulsant?
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
|
Which anti-anxiety agent is used for intolerance to benzodiazepines?
|
Meprobamate (Miltown)
* classification: Carbamate |
|
Which antianxiety agent is used to treat anxiety in the elderly, has low abuse potential, and no sedative effects?
|
Buspirone (Buspar)
* classification: Azapirone |
|
What class of medication are used primarily for the autonomic symptoms of anxiety?
|
beta blockers (propranolol 80-160 mg)
|
|
What is the distinguishing features between other anxiety disorders and PTSD?
|
presence of a catastrophic traumatic event
|
|
What are symptoms of PTSD?
|
• anxiety
• dissociative symptoms • flashbacks • numbing of affective response • recurrent nightmares • social withdrawal • survivor's guilt |
|
How long must symptoms last to have PTSD?
|
• symptoms must last for more than 1 month
• symptoms can last for years (in chronic form) • if symptoms last 2 days-4 weeks, it is diagnosed as acute stress disorder |
|
What is the most helpful treatment for PTSD?
|
psychotherapy, support groups, & group therapy
|
|
There are no good pharmacologic treatments for PTSD. What are some drugs that have been tried with some success?
|
• Imipramine (Tofranil)
• SSRIs • Carbmazepine (used particularly for flashbacks and nightmares) |