Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Is alcohol a depressant or a stimulant?
|
both
|
|
|
How is alcohol abuse diagnosed?
|
if there is clearly recurrent (but not continuous) impaired social & occupational function due to alcohol use over a 1 year period
|
|
|
When does a patient have alcohol dependence?
|
if the patient also has tolerance (increased amounts need to achieve effect), withdrawl, and/or compulsive and continuous use
|
|
|
What are the 2 groups of alcoholics?
|
• Type 1
• Type 2 |
|
|
Describe a Type 1 alcoholic
|
• adult onset
• steady, gradually escalating consumption • guilty, worried, rigid, perfectionistic, dependend, introverted • modest family history • both males and females • some recover completely • 75% of alcoholics |
|
|
Describe a Type 2 alcoholic
|
• alcohol-seeking from adolescence & early adulthood
• impulsive, distractible, risk-taking, antisocial characteristics w/ recklessness & aggression • strong family history • primarily males • very treatment resistant • 25% of alcoholics |
|
|
What are signs and symptoms of alcoholism?
|
• anxiety
• blackouts • depression • frequent injuries/accidents • headaches • insomnia • nausea/vomiting • palpitations • tachycardia • vague GI problems |
|
|
What is the CAGE acronym?
|
• C: Cut down (Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?)
• A: Annoyed (Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?) • G: Guilty (Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?) • E: Eye-opener (Have you ever had a drink first thing the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?) * two or more positive answers suggests alcoholism |
|
|
What lab markers are elevated in chronic drinking?
|
• gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
• RBC MCV |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the different stages of alcohol intoxication and their corresponding blood alcohol level?
|
• euphoria, disinhibition, alcohol breath (up to 100 mg/ml)
• irritability, incoordination, mood swings (100-150 mg/ml) • apathy, dysarthria, ataxia (150-250) • Alcoholic coma (250-450) |
|
|
What makes up a "bananna bag"?
|
• MVI
• folic acid • thiamine |
|
|
What are the different syndromes of alcohol withdrawl?
|
• alcohol withdrawl
• alcohol withdrawl delirium • alcohol-induced psychotic disorder w/ hallucinations |
|
|
What are characterisitics of alcohol withdrawl?
|
• tremulousness, N/V, anxiety, tinnitus, blurred vision
• usually begins during the 1st day of reduced drinking • convulsions can occur on the 2nd day |
|
|
What are characteristics of alcohol withdrawal delirium?
|
• agitation
• ataxia • delusions • disorientation • fever • hallucinations • memory disturbances • tremor |
|
|
What are characteristics of alcohol-induced psychotic disorder?
|
• auditory hallucinations
• mixed withdrawal symptoms (mild tremor, anger, apprehension) • patient has a clear sensorium and is oriented • usually occurs in the first 3 days after cessation of drinking |
|
|
What are medical complications of chronic alcoholism?
|
• anemia
• cirrhosis • diarrhea • gastritis • gastric ulcer • hypertension • insomnia • pancreatitis • persistent impotence • vitamin malabsorption |
|
|
What are neurologic complications of chronic alcoholism?
|
• alcoholic cerebellar degerneration
• alcoholic myopathy & cardiomyopathy • cerebral atrophy • central pontine myelinolysis • Marchiafava-Bignami disease • peripheral neuropathy • Wernicke |
|
|
What are psychiatric complications of chronic alcoholism?
|
• Alcohol-induced persisting dementia
• drug abuse • Korsakoff's syndrome • suicide |
|
|
What medication should be used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawl to sedate until calm?
|
• benzadiazepines
• carbamazepine or depakote (is next best alternative) |
|
|
What medication can be used to treat tremulousness in alcohol withdrawl?
|
• Librium (Chlordiazepoxide)
• Lorazepam or Oxazepam (may be better in pts w/ liver disease or confusion |
|
|
What medications can be used to treat delirium from alcohol withdrawl?
|
• Librium (Chlordiazepoxide)
• low-dose Haloperidol (if Benzodiazepines does not work alone) • Cloninde (relieves sweating, tremor, tachycardia) • atenolol (used with Benzo can shorten the course of delirium) |
|
|
What drug can be used to decrease craving in treating alcoholics?
|
Naltrexone (ReVia)
|
|
|
What is the MOA of Disulfiram (Antabuse)?
|
• inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to toxic acetaldehyde build-up
• causes anxiety, apprehension, headache, hypotension, N/V, sweating, tachycardia |
|
|
What is the difference between drug abuse and drug dependence?
|
• Abuse: marked social/occupation impairment and compulsive excessive drug use over a period of a year
• Dependence: presence of tolerance, withdrawal, and/or continuous compulsive use over a 1-year period |
|
|
What are illnesses that IV drug abusers are in danger of getting?
|
• cellulitis
• hepatitis • HIV/STDs • pneumonia • SBE • TB • tetanus • thrombophlebitis |
|
|
What are the psychological symptoms of opioid intoxication?
|
rush or dysphoria followed by drowsiness
|
|
|
What are the physical symptoms of opioid intoxication?
|
• bradycardia
• constipation • hypotension • hypothermia • miosis • N/V • respiratory depression • slurred speech |
|
|
What are symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
|
• decreased appetite
• fever • intense craving • N/V • pupil dilatation • sweating • yawning |
