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35 Cards in this Set

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Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

Birth - 2 yrs. infants learn about themselves and the world. Respond through reflexes and random behavior at first then to goal oriented toddlers. Growth happens through circular reactions. Learns things by chance

1st substage

Reflexes. Gain a lil control over their inborn reflexes. Engage in behavior even when the reflex is not operating (suck when not hungry)

2nd substage


What months?

1-4 months. Coordinate. Combine grasping with sucking. Hearing with version.

3rd Sub stage


Secondary Reactions

4-8 months. Interested in grabbing things. Engage in secondary circular reactions (scenes regarding repeated actions that bring about a desirable consequence). Start to vocalize more. Mainly to get response from other people

4 substage


What months?

8-12 months. Coordinate secondary circular reactions. Employ goal directed behavior (pushing objects out of the way to get a toy)

5th substage


What months?

12-18. Tertiary reactions. (Little scientists). Experiments (throwing stuff). Bringing about desired reactions

6th substage

18-24 months. Ability to have symbolic thought. Think of something without it being right in front. Have concept of cause and effect. Start to pretend play

Schemes

Organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change w/mental development.

Assimilation

Process which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking

Accomodation

Changes in existing ways of thinking

Primary circular reactions

Schemes reflecting an infant’s repetition of interesting or enjoyable actions, just for the enjoyment of doing them, which focus on infants own body.

Object permanence

Realization that things exist even when not seen

Skinner’s Learning Theory


Language acquisition follows basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning. When a baby goes Da and dad thinks baby is referring to him. This reaction reinforced baby to say it again. Children learn to speak by being rewarded

Chomsky Nativist Theory

People are born with innate capacity to use language which emerges with maturation

Theory of Mind

Knowledge and beliefs about how the mind works and how it effects our behavior. Understand others have goals and meanings. Children think others think like them. Changes at age 6.

Attachment

Pos. Emotional bond with another. Nature of our attachment as a baby affects how we relate to others when older.

Harlow’s Study on Monkeys

Gave monkey choice to cuddle a wire monkey that provide food or a terry cloth monkey that provided comfort. Food alone does not bring attachment.

Mary Ainsworth

Developed Strange Situation. How a baby reacts around strangers.

Secure Attachment

Use mother as a home base. At ease as long as mom is around. 2/3 of children like this

Avoidant attachment

Insecure attachment. Do not seek closeness to mother. Ignores mom. Doesn’t cry when she leaves. Acts angry at her. Mom and stranger are interchangeable. 20%. Mothers are angry and shy away from babies.

Resistant attachment

Both pos and neg towards mom. Doesn’t trust mom, always got an eye on her. Stressed when she leaves and relieved and angry when returned. 12%. Moms usually have good intentions but are less capable.

Erickson’s trust versus mistrust theory

Birth -18 months. Develop hope along w/trust. When mistrust is developed, infants think world is harsh. Important for prim caregiver to be sensitive and responsive.

Erickson’s autonomy versus shame and doubt

18minths - 3 years. Develop independence. Exploration is encouraged. If child is overly restricted: feel shame and doubt.

Temperament and the study by Thomas and Chess

Patterns of arousal( level of active ness) and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual. How a child believes. The study followed 133 ppl from birth to adult.

Easy Baby

Pos. Disposition. Easy going. Bodies function regularly. Adaptable. Curious. Emotions are moderate to low. 40% of infants.

Difficult Baby

Neg moods. Irregular body function. More extreme in emotions. 10%

Slow-to-warm

Inactive. Calm reactions. Do not like change. 15%

Goodness of Fit

Long term adjustment depends on the environment

Piaget’s 2nd stage

3-6. Mental reasoning develops but cannot deal with abstractions. More focused on the here and now. Capable of symbolic thought and play

Egocentrism

High during second stage. Inability to Imagine some1 elses POV. Not selfishness.

Centration

Focus on 1 aspect of a situation at a time. “Taller person is older than shorter”

Animism

Belief in animated items have life like qualities

Magic Thought

3-8.

Conservation

Irreversibly and centration combined leads to inability to understand this

What is wrong about Piaget theory

Thought children were more animistic and egocentric than they were. Overestimated language abilities and underestimated cognitive abilities.