Psych Test 2

Front 1

The 2-year-old human brain weighs ______ percent of the adult brain.

Back 1

75%

Front 2

By age 5, the brain has reached about _____ of its adult weight.

Back 2

90%

Front 3

The process of myelination involves:

A)
bone growth.

B)
nerve insulation.

C)
muscle growth.

D)
parents' teaching their children.

Back 3

B nerve insulation

Front 4

Myelination:

A)
connects the two halves of the brain.

B)
compensates for loss of brain function due to injury.

C)
promotes regular childhood sleep patterns.

D)
speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.

Back 4

D speeds up the transmission of neural impulses

Front 5

The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to:

A)
eating healthy foods.

B)
myelination.

C)
frontal cortex maturation.

D)
development of new axons.

Back 5

B myelination

Front 6

A disorder that may result from abnormal development of the corpus collosum is:

A)
hearing impairment.

B)
nearsightedness.

C)
extreme impulsivity.

D)
autism.

Back 6

D autism

Front 7

The part of the brain responsible for planning and analyzing matures during:

A)
infancy.

B)
the toddler years.

C)
early childhood.

D)
adolescence.

Back 7

c early childhood 2-6

Front 8

Impulsiveness and perseveration are the same in that they both represent:

A)
an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex.

B)
too much emotional control.

C)
strict discipline.

D)
bad parenting.

Back 8

A an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex

Front 9

The ability to control one's impulsiveness appears to be directly related to the development of the:

A)
parietal cortex.

B)
prefrontal cortex.

C)
striate cortex.

D)
frontal cortex.

Back 9

B prefrontal cortex

Front 10

Janie just cannot seem to keep from becoming extremely angry when she does not get her way. Her ability to reign in this tendency toward tantrums will get better when her ______ has further matured.

A)
parietal cortex

B)
prefrontal cortex

C)
striate cortex

D)
frontal cortex

Back 10

B prefrontal cortex

Front 11

Hamilton asks his Dad to put on a “Thomas the Train” DVD and his Dad complies. No more than 3 minutes into the movie, Hamilton wants to play with his toy cars on the floor. This inability to stay focused on one thing at a time is due to the immaturity of his:

A)
parietal cortex.

B)
prefrontal cortex.

C)
striate cortex.

D)
frontal cortex.

Back 11

B prefrontal

Front 12

Once a young child starts to cry, it tends to continue to do so long after whatever the initial cause, sometimes frustrating the parent. This behavior is an example of:

A)
perseveration.

B)
myelination.

C)
lateralization.

D)
transubstantiation.

Back 12

A preservation

Front 13

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers:

Back 13

emotions

Front 14

The increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that children during the play years experience:

Back 14

frightening nightmares

Front 15

The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that processes:

Back 15

memory

Front 16

Jesse's home life was extremely stressful and violent until he was placed into foster care at age six. Upon entering first grade, it was apparent that some learning and memory deficits existed. That is because:

A)
he didn't trust that adults could teach him.

B)
part of his hippocampus was destroyed by stress hormones.

C)
he wasn't interested in learning, only in being safe.

D)
he preferred to play rather than try to learn.

Back 16

B part of his hippocampus was destroyed by stress hormones.

Front 17

An example of a gross motor skills is:

A)
painting a picture.

B)
dialing a phone.

C)
picking up a bug.

D)
swimming across a pool.

Back 17

D swimming across a pool

Front 18

Gross motor skills such a riding a tricycle are acquired:

A)
solely through many opportunities for practice.

B)
automatically when brain maturation occurs.

C)
through a combination of brain maturation and practice.

D)
only if the parents are well coordinated.

Back 18

C through a combination of brain maturation and practice

Front 19

The best example of a fine motor skill is:

A)
using scissors to cut paper.

B)
swimming across a pool.

C)
roller-skating around the block.

D)
playing catch with a football.

Back 19

A using scissors to cut paper

Front 20

Preschoolers often have trouble tying their shoelaces because they have inadequate:

Back 20

B fine motor skill development

Front 21

The most common cause(s) of death of children worldwide is(are):

Back 21

A accidents

Front 22

Mothers who are depressed, financially stressed, and whose infants tend to have difficult temperaments may maltreat their babies. Those mothers tend to:

A)
ask for help in coping with a difficult child.

B)
blame the baby for crying.

C)
distance themselves from the baby during especially stressful times.

D)
attend parenting classes.

Back 22

C)
distance themselves from the baby during especially stressful times.

Front 23

The term “child maltreatment” applies to children under the age of:

Back 23

18

Front 24

Pete's father is physically abusive toward him, often leaving bruises. His mother, also living in the home, witnesses the abuse but says nothing. She is:

A)
compassionate but quiet.

B)
neglectful.

C)
supportive of Pete.

D)
an innocent victim.

Back 24

neglectful

Front 25

Armando started preschool at age three. His teacher observed that he is small for his age, underweight, and is delayed in language development. His parents are unconcerned, declaring that it's just “his way.” However, the teacher suspects:


A)
physical abuse.


B)
maltreatment.


C)
an undetected medical problem.


D)
that Armando was a preterm infant.

Back 25

B maltreated

Front 26

A mistreated child who is startled at any noise and is continually looking around to see who is coming up to them is showing symptoms of:


A)
ADD/HD.


B)
OCD.


C)
PTSD.


D)
ADD.

Back 26

C PTSD

Front 27

Symptoms of maltreatment include:


A)
an “out-of-body” feeling.


B)
hypervigilance.


C)
hypo-manic reactions.


D)
depersonalization.

Back 27

B Hypervigilance
* quick, impulsive reactions like cringing, starting, or hitting

Front 28

Children who are fearful, easily startled, and confused between reality and fantasy are expressing symptoms of:


A)
child abuse.


B)
post-traumatic stress disorder.


C)
neglect.


D)
battered child syndrome.

Back 28

B post traumatic stress disorder

Front 29

The goal in dealing with child maltreatment is to:


A)
decide if legal action is needed.


B)
provide family counseling.


C)
restore children's health.


D)
stop it before it begins.

Back 29

D stop it before it begins

Front 30

Preoperational intelligence differs from sensorimotor intelligence in that preoperational intelligence:


A)
goes beyond senses and motor skills.


B)
includes logical reasoning.


C)
is characterized by reversibility of thought.


D)
is comprised of simple abstractions.

Back 30

A goes beyond senses and motor skills

Front 31

what is preoperational intelligence

Back 31

Piaget term for cognitive development
includes: language
imagination, it is magical and self centered

Front 32

Piaget called cognitive development between the ages of two and six ______ intelligence.


A)
operational


B)
egocentric


C)
preoperational


D)
symbiotic

Back 32

C preoperational

Front 33

Piaget believed that between the ages of two and six, it is difficult for children to think:


A)
subjectively.


B)
egocentrically.


C)
operationally.


D)
abstractly.

Back 33

C operationally

Front 34

Using logical principles is a characteristic of:


A)
symbolic thought.


B)
centration.


C)
pragmatic reasoning.


D)
operational thought.

Back 34

D operational thought.

Front 35

The Piagetian term for centration in which the child thinks about the world exclusively from his or her personal perspective is called:


A)
theory-theory.


B)
egocentrism.


C)
static perspective.


D)
world view.

Back 35

ego centrism

Front 36

Thinking about one idea at a time, ignoring other ideas, is known as:

Back 36

centration

Front 37

To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all others is called:

Back 37

centration.

Front 38

When children demonstrate centration, they:


A)
are in the formal operational stage.


B)
cannot make a decision.


C)
cannot solve math problems in their heads.


D)
only look at one aspect of a problem.

Back 38

only look at one aspect of a problem.

Front 39

Nine-year-old Bobby has no problem understanding that the 20-year-old who sometimes stays with him is both a student and a baby-sitter. According to Piaget, Bobby's thinking is no longer characterized by:


A)
conservation.


B)
object permanence.


C)
overregularization.


D)
centration

Back 39

centration

Front 40

Specify the preoperational characteristic:


A)
decentration


B)
reversibility


C)
deductive reasoning


D)
focus on appearance

Back 40

focus on appearance

Front 41

When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she does not recognize her. This is likely due to Jennie's:


A)
static reasoning.


B)
abstract reasoning.


C)
concrete thinking.


D)
irreversibility.

Back 41

static reasoning.

Front 42

The characteristic irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to:


A)
focus on something other than appearances.


B)
use deductive reasoning to solve a problem.


C)
be unable to think backwards from a conclusion to the beginning.


D)
engage in centration when another solution is needed.

Back 42

be unable to think backwards from a conclusion to the beginning.

Front 43

To assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in:


A)
magical thinking.


B)
static reasoning.


C)
centration.


D)
a focus on appearances only.

Back 43

static reasoning

Front 44

If a preschool child thinks a tall 20-year-old is older than a short 40-year-old, this is an example of:


A)
egocentrism.


B)
static thinking.


C)
focus on appearance.


D)
symbolic thinking.

Back 44

focus on appearance

Front 45

The aspect of preoperational thought that focuses on transformation is:


A)
centration.


B)
focus on appearances.


C)
static reasoning.


D)
irreversibility

Back 45

irreversibility

Front 46

what would you tell a child to make them feel GUILT ?

Back 46

"no, your doing it all wrong"

Front 47

too much positive?

Back 47

maladaptation

Front 48

too much negative?

Back 48

malignancy

Front 49

what is Eriksons third stage
2. what is the maladaptation
3. malignancy

Back 49

Initiative vs guilt
2. being ruthless (vicious, mean)
3. inhibition *low self esteem, hard to try new activities

Front 50

becoming ruthless tells us what about the parents?

Back 50

they are lacking parental control

Front 51

how a person evaluates his or her own worth, either in specifics or overall (intelligence, attractiveness)

Back 51

self esteem

Front 52

a persons understanding of who he or she is. includes appearance, personality, diff traits

Back 52

self concept

Front 53

shame come before __?
which one is a more advanced emotion and why ?

Back 53

guilt
shame is more advanced because it comes from within

Front 54

what does psychopathology literally mean?

Back 54

mind disease
or diseased mind

Front 55

__and __ are connected to motivation

Back 55

concentration and self esteem

Front 56

what does guilt mean

Back 56

when people blame themselves because they have done something wrong

Front 57

emotional regulation begins with __?

Back 57

impulse control

Front 58

what impulse is most necessary to control and why

Back 58

anger because it may trigger aggression or oppositional behavior

Front 59

difficulty with emotional regulation that involves outwardly expressing emotions in uncontrolled ways

Back 59

externalizing problem
being "under controlled"
-mostly happens with males

Front 60

difficulty with emotional regulation that involves tuning ones emotional distress inward

Back 60

internalizing problems
being "over controlled"
-mostly happens with females
ex. cutting

Front 61

authoritarian parenting

Back 61

* high behavioral standards
* strict punishment
* low communication
*rarely affectionate

Front 62

permissive parenting

Back 62

*high nuturance
* high communication
* rare punishment, guidance or control

Front 63

authoritative parenting

Back 63

* set limits, enforce rules
* usually forgiving not punishing
* they listen to their children
* consider themselves as guides, not authorities

Front 64

Authoritarian children end up

Back 64

*Conscientious, Obedient, Quiet
*They tend to feel guilty / depressed and rebel.
*leaving home before 20

Front 65

Permissive children end up

Back 65

*Unhappy, Lack of self-control, *immure & impedes friendships
*tend to live at home, dependent

Front 66

Authoritative children end up

Back 66

*Successful, Articulate, Happy & Generous to others
*Tend to be liked by teachers & peers

Front 67

define androgyny
what is the goal?

Back 67

a balance within-self of traditionally male & female psychological characteristics
*so kids can develop less restrictive, gender free self-concept

Front 68

to achieve androgyny what should be encouraged
in males? in females?

Back 68

males- encouraged to be nurturant
females- encouraged to be assertive

Front 69

the epigenetic theory states that our traits & behaviors are a result of ?

Back 69

interaction between genes & early experiences

Front 70

1. According to Erikson, as children develop self-awareness and recognize their own mistakes, they feel:

Back 70

guilty

Front 71

2. Authoritarian parents welcome their childrens' opinions and are sensitive to their feelings. A. True B. False

Back 71

false

Front 72

3. To begin to regulate their emotions, children must first start to learn impulse control. A) True B) False

Back 72

TRue

Front 73

4. Both permissive and authoritarian parenting styles tend to produce children who are depressed.
A) true B)false

Back 73

True

Front 74

5. Piaget's term for centration in which the child thinks about the world from his or her own personal perspective is: A) hypervigilance B) egocentration C) conservation D) egocentrism

Back 74

egocentrism

Front 75

6. The part of the brain which registers emotions such as fear and anxiety is the: A. amygdala
B. hippocampus C. cerebellum D. prefrontal cortex

Back 75

amygdala

Front 76

7. Temper tantrums should subside as the preschool years continue. A. True B. False

Back 76

true

Front 77

8. By school age, maltreated children may be: A. withdrawn B. aggressive C. not resilient to stress
D. all of these E. A and C only

Back 77

all of these
Withdrawn
Aggressive
Not Resilient to stress

Front 78

9. Hypervigilance may be a sign of child maltreatment. A. True B. False

Back 78

true

Front 79

10. The authoritative parenting style has high levels of communication, both from parent to child and from child to parent. A. True B. False

Back 79

true

Front 80

11. Throughout the play years, children may confuse gender and sex differences. A. True B. False

Back 80

true

Front 81

12. During the preschool years, children begin to think logically, according to Piaget. A. True B. False

Back 81

false
2-6 is preoperatinal thoughts

Front 82

1. Kohlberg determined morality level by studying:
A. the thought underneath the behavior
B. the behavior exhibited
C. the speed with which people act

Back 82

the thought underneath the behavior

Front 83

2. I don't turn my friend in for selling drugs because of perceived peer pressure. I am at Kohlberg's Stage __.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Back 83

stage 3
proper behavior is behavior that pleases other people. social approval is more important than any other specific reward

Front 84

3. The psychosocial task of the school years is: A. industry vs. inferiority B. truth vs. shame and guilt
C. achievement vs. failure

Back 84

industry vs inferiority

Front 85

4. Statistics show that grade school childrens’ self-esteem improves during early grade school years. A. T B. F

Back 85

true

Front 86

5. Piaget thought that between 7 and 11 children are in the period of: A. conventional morality B. latency
C. concrete operations D. concrete structure

Back 86

concrete operations

Front 87

6. Erikson's concept of industry is related to competency and mastery. A. True B. False

Back 87

true

Front 88

7. What % of adult brain weight is the child's brain at age 5? A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 90

Back 88

90%

Front 89

8. How many substantiated cases of child abuse are found yearly in the U.S.?
A. 100,000 B. 1,000,000 C. 10,000,000

Back 89

100,000

Front 90

9. The tendency, when considering a situation, to only focus on one aspect of it at a time, is called:
A. analyzing B. logical thinking C. centration D. delineation

Back 90

centration

Front 91

10. Vygotsky believed we are surrounded by a zone of proximal ___. A. scaffolding B. development
D. dimensions

Back 91

development

Front 92

11. Externalizing problems and internalizing problems are both failures of proper emotional regulation.
A. True B. False

Back 92

true

Front 93

12. What is the average I.Q. score? A. 80 B. 90 C. 100 D. 115

Back 93

100

Front 94

13. Concrete operations marks the beginning of the ability to think: A. about hypothetical possibilities
B. logically C. without making mistakes when stressed D. in ways as advanced as those in adulthood

Back 94

logically

Front 95

14. Which parenting style produces children who have the most difficulty with successful friendship relationships?
A. authoritarian B. insecure-avoidant C. permissive D. disorganized E. authoritative

Back 95

permissive

Front 96

15. Which is not a pre-operational characteristic? A. centration B. classification C. egocentrism D. focus on appearance

Back 96

classification

Front 97

16. Which would be the most troubling, emotionally, for an 8-year-old? A. ruthlessness B. inertia C. inhibition
D. narrow virtuosity

Back 97

inertia

Front 98

17. Externalization of emotional difficulties is more common among girls than boys. A. True B. False

Back 98

false

Front 99

18. What is the nature of the relationship between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in a 3 year old?
A. the amygdala is not yet generating strong emotions, so the prefrontal cortex is able to function well in the regulation of emotions. B. the prefrontal cortex, being largely undeveloped, still generates strong emotions
C. the prefrontal cortex struggles to cope with the strong emotions emanating from the amygdala
D. due to the imbalance in development between amygdala and prefrontal cortex, 3 year olds need a great deal of parental comforting and assistance so that they may learn to better their ability to regulate emotions.
E. C and D are both correct

Back 99

c and d are correct

Front 100

9. Which 2 types of conservation did I tell you that you were responsibile for on this test? A. volume and number
B. volume and area C. number and area D. volume and length

Back 100

?

Front 101

20. A maltreated child may be confused between fantasy and reality. A. True B. False

Back 101

true

Front 102

21. A child who does well in Erikson’s 3rd stage should gain the psychological strength of:
A. purpose and courage B. will and determination C. competency D. egocentrism

Back 102

purpose and courage

Front 103

22. Which of the following would Piaget be the most likely reason for not spanking pre-schoolers?
A. it could do psychological damage B. they are not capable of understanding the reasons for the spanking
C. the spanking is not effective in curbing inappropriate behavior D. they are not capable of remembering the reasons for the spanking

Back 103

they are not capable of understanding the reasons for the spanking

Front 104

23. What holiday comes at the end of this month? A.. Christmas B. the Easter Bunny C. All Fools Day
D. Halloween

Back 104

halloween

Front 105

24. In Erikson’s 3rd stage, parents should discourage fantasy so that children can learn to think logically. A. True B. False

Back 105

false

Front 106

25. What’s the difference between spinach and boogers?
A. you can’t get a kid to eat spinach B. they are both green

Back 106

you cant get a kid to eat enough spinach

Front 107

26.
The best advice for parents to improve their child's diet and promote healthy eating habits is to: A) eliminate all “snacks.” B) offer many healthy foods as alternatives when they become hungry. C) not set the child up to expect “treats.” D) cut down on the availability of desserts at the end of lunch and evening meals.

Back 107

B) offer many healthy foods as alternatives when they become hungry.

Front 108

27.
The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to: A) eating healthy foods. B) myelination. C) frontal cortex maturation. D) development of new axons.

Back 108

myelination

Front 109

28.
A disorder that may result from abnormal development of the corpus collosum is: A) hearing impairment. B) nearsightedness. C) extreme impulsivity. D) autism.

Back 109

autism

Front 110

Each time Juan puts a puzzle together, his father gives him a little less help. Which theorist would be happy with Juan's father? A) Piaget B) Vygotsky C) Skinner D) Freud

Back 110

vygotsky

Front 111

Mrs. Suttman helps her 2-year-old daughter count blocks and measure teaspoons of cocoa. Mrs. Suttman is providing: A) scaffolding and structure. B) overstimulation. C) conservation skills. D) peer tutoring.

Back 111

scaffolding

Front 112

An angry 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child, because she has developed: A) social referencing. B) self-esteem. C) identification. D) emotional regulation.

Back 112

emotional regulation

Front 113

An example of antisocial behavior is: A) Jamie tries to share his toys with Jill. B) Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks. C) Holly watches while other children are playing jump rope. D) Courtney helps her mom rake the leaves

Back 113

Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks.

Front 114

According to Erikson, as children develop self-awareness and realize their own mistakes, they feel: A) empowered. B) anger. C) guilty. D) shamed.

Back 114

guilty

Front 115

Childhood obesity is made more complicated by: A) the interaction of genes and the environment. B) the number of government agencies involved. C) the number of hours children watch TV. D) improper health habits.

Back 115

the interaction of genes and the environment

Front 116

Extensive neural myelination allows: A) sensory neurons to carry messages faster than motor neurons. B) the normal brain to correct errors made in the genetic code for autism. C) academic intelligence to develop. D) automatization to improve.

Back 116

sensory neurons to carry messages faster than motor neurons

Front 117

Aptitude tests are designed to measure: A) how much has been learned. B) potential for accomplishment. C) capacity for divergent thinking. D) verbal abilities.

Back 117

potential for accomplishment

Front 118

Piaget has provided us with the ______ of children's concepts, whereas Vygotsky has provided us with the ______. A) cognitive context; behaviorist context B) empirical context; experimental context C) individual context; social context D) social context; individual context

Back 118

individual context; social context

Front 119

Compared to 7-year-olds, children age 11 are much: A) more egocentric. B) better thinkers. C) more intuitive. D) less teachable.

Back 119

better thinkers.

Front 120

The Piagetian concept that certain characteristics of an object remain the same despite changes in the object's appearance is: A) identity. B) reversibility. C) reciprocity. D) object permanence.

Back 120

reversibility

Front 121

Identify the stage 5 response concerning highway speeding. A) Janet does not speed because, “If I did, everyone else could speed too.” B) Chrissy speeds because she is in a big hurry. C) Jack does not speed because he knows that he could get a ticket. D) Stanley speeds because his passenger loves going fast and is impressed by him.

Back 121

Stanley speeds because his passenger loves going fast and is impressed by him.

Front 122

Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she's afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of stage ______ of moral development. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

Back 122

3 good girl and nice boy
proper behavior that pleases other people. social behavior is more important than any specific reward

Front 123

The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow has remained unscathed in the process is termed as: A) buoyant. B) resilient. C) parasympathetic. D) unflappable.

Back 123

resilient