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104 Cards in this Set
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“enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts.”
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Personality
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includes all memories that remain within an individual’s awareness. It is the smallest of the 3 categories. Incidences that are easily remembered or retrieved are considered to be in one’s conscious awareness.
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Conscious
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includes all memories that may have been forgotten or within present awareness, but can be retrieved with little attention. (Telephone numbers or addresses). The preconscious enhances awareness by helping to suppress unpleasant memories from the conscious.
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Preconscious
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all memories that one is unable to bring to conscious awareness. It is the largest of all 3 categories. It consists of unpleasant or nonessential memories that have been repressed and can only be retrieved through therapy. It can also emerge through dreams.
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Unconscious
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the process by which the id invests energy into an object in an attempt to achieve gratification.
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Cathexis
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the use of psychic energy by the ego and the superego to control id impulses.
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Anticathexis
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Freud's Stage;
birth to 18 months, relief anxiety trough oral gratification needs |
Oral Stage
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Freud's Stage;
18mths-3yrs, learning independence and control, with focus on the excretory function |
Anal
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Freud's Stage;
3-6yrs, identification with parent of same sex; development of sexual identity; focus on genital organs |
Phallic
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Freud's Stage;
6-12yrs, sexually repressed, focus on relationships with same sex peers |
Latency
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Freud's stages;
13-20yrs, libido reawakened as genital organs mature; focus on relationships with members of the opposite sex. |
Genital
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a feeling of emotional discomfort, toward the relief or prevention of which all behavior is aimed. He believed the anxiety is the chief disruptive force in interpersonal relations and the main factor in the development of serious difficulties in living
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Anxiety
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is the fulfillment of all requirements associated with an individual’s physicochemical environment.
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Satisfaction of needs
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is the feeling associated with relief from anxiety. When all needs are met, one experiences a sense of well being.
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Interpersonal Security
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is a collection of experiences or security measures adopted by an individual to protect against anxiety. There are 3 components to the self-system; the “good me” which develops into response to positive feedback, the “bad me” which develops in response to negative feedback, and the “not me” which develops in response to situations that produce anxiety
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Self-system
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and learn to generalize it to others |
Trust vs. Mistrust
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to gain some self control and independence within the environment. |
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct own activities |
initiative vs. guilt
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to achieve a sense of self-confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully, and receiving recognition from significant others, peers, and acquaintances. |
industry vs. inferiority;
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to integrate the task mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of self |
identity vs. role confusion
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to inform an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, cause, institution or creative effort. |
intimacy vs. isolation
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to achieve the life goals established for oneself, while also considering the welfare of future generations. |
Generativity vs. Stagnation
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Sullivans Stages of Personality Development:
to review one’s life and derive meaning from both positive and negative events, while achieving a positive sense of self-worth. |
Ego Integrity vs. despair
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Erikson's Stages:
to develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and learn to generalize it to others. |
Trust vs. Mistrust: birth to 18 months
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Erikson's Stages:
to gain some self-control and independence within the environment. |
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt:18 months to 3yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
to develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct one’s own activities. |
Initiative vs. Guilt: 3 – 6 yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
to achieve a sense of self-confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully, and receiving recognition from significant others, peers, and acquaintances. |
Industry vs. Inferiority: 6 – 12 yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
to integrate the tasks mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of oneself |
Identity vs. Role confusion: 12-20yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
to form an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, a cause, an institution, or a creative effort. |
Intimacy vs. Isolation: 20-30 yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
achieve the life goals established for oneself while also considering the welfare of future generations. |
Generativity vs. Stagnation or Self Absorption: 30 – 65 yrs
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Erikson's Stages:
to review one’s life and derive meaning from both positive and negative event’s, while achieving a positive sense of oneself. |
Ego Inegreity vs. Despair: 65 yrs – death
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Piaget's Stages:
With increased mobility and awareness, development of a sense of self as separate from the external environment; the concept of object permanence emerges as the ability to form mental images evolves. |
Stage 1: Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 yrs)
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Piaget's Stages:
learning to express self with language; development of understanding of symbolic gestures; achievement of object permanence. |
Stage 2: Preoperational (2-6 yrs);
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Piaget's Stages:
Learning to apply logic to thinking; development of understanding of reversibility and spatiality; learning to differentiate and classify; increased socialization and application of rules. |
Stage 3: Concrete operations (6-12 yrs)
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Piaget's Stages:
learning to think and reason in abstract terms; making and testing hypotheses; capability of logical thinking and reasoning expand and are refined; cognitive maturity achieved. |
Stage 4: Formal Operations (12-15+ yrs)
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Peplau:
learning to communicate in various ways with the primary caregiver in order to have comfort needs fulfilled. |
Infancy; Learning to count on others
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Peplau:
learning the satisfaction of pleasing others by delaying self-gratification in small ways. |
Toddlerhood; Learning to delay satisfaction
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Peplau:
learning appropriate roles and behaviors by acquiring the ability to perceive the expectations of others. |
Early Childhood; Identifying oneself
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Peplau:
learning the skills of compromise, competition, and cooperation with others; establishment of a more realistic view of the world and a feeling of one’s place in it. |
Late Childhood; Developing skills in participation
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She provided the framework for psychodynamic nursing
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Peplau
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provides specific, needed information that helps the client understand his or her problem and the new situation
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Resource Person
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listens as the client reviews feelings related to difficulties he or she is experiencing in any aspect of life
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Counselor
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identifies learning needs and provides information to the client and family that may aid in improvement of the life situation.
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Teacher
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directs the nurse-client interaction and ensures that appropriate actions are undertaken to facilitate achievement of the designated goals.
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Leader
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the phase where the nurse, client and family work together to recognize, clarify, and define the existing problems.
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Orientation
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after orientation when the client begins to respond selectively to those who seem to offer the help that is needed.
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Identification
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the phase in which the client proceeds to take full advantage of the services offered to him or her
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Exploitation
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occurs when the client is freed from identification with helping persons and gathers strength to assume independence.
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Resolution
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Who has become known as the first American psychiatric nurse?
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Linda Richards
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What are the four humors?
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Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Blood, and Phlegm.
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Who is often referred to as the America father of psychiatry?
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Benjamin Rush
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Who's goal was to ensure humane treatment for psychiatric patient's?
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Dorothea Dix
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What are the two major, primary psychological response patterns to stress?
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Anxiety and Grief
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This type of anxiety is seldom a problem.
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Mild Anxiety
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This type of anxiety is where the perceptual field diminishes.
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Moderate anxiety
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This type of of anxiety is where the perceptual field is so diminished that the concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details.
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Severe Anxiety
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This type of anxiety is the most intense state of anxiety.
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Panic Anxiety
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What are Kubler-Ross's 5 stages of grief?
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance.
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What are examples of Maladaptive grief response?
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Prolonged response, Delayed/inhibited response, and Distorted response.
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What is under the Axis I?
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Clinical disorders
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What is under Axis II?
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Personality disorders
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What is under Axis III?
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General Medical Conditions
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What is under Axis IV?
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Psychosocial and environmental problems
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What is under Axis V?
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The GAF Scale
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________________ relationship's can occur only when each views the toher as a unique human being. When this occurs, both participant's have needs met by the relationship.
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Therapeutic nurse-client relationship.
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_________________ are goal- oriented and directed at learning and growth promotion.
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Therepeutic relationships
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1. Identify the client's problem
2. Promote discussion of desired changes. 3. Discuss aspects that cannot realistically be changed and ways to cope with them more adaptively. 4. Discuss alternative strategies for creating changes that client desires to make. These are all a part of? |
The problem-solving model of the nurse-client relatioship.
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Which two interpersonal therapist emphasized the importance of relationship development in the provision of emotional care.
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Peplau and Sullivan
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1. Weigh benefits and consequencs of each alternative.
2. Help client select an alternative. 3.Encourage client to implement the change. 4. Provide positive feedback for client's attempts to create change. 5. Help client evaluate outcomes of the changes and make modifcations as required. These are all examples of? |
Dynamic of a Therapeutic Nurse-client relationship.
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ability to uses one's personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to strcuture nursing interventions.
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Therapeutic Use of Self
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Ideals that one holds to be true.
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Beliefs
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Beliefs may be?
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Rational, Irrational, Held on faith, and stereo typical.
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frames of reference around which an individual organizes knowledge about his or her world.
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Attitudes
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Attitudes may be?
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Judgemental, slective, and biased.
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Abstract standards, positive or negative, that represent an individuals ideal mode of conduct and ideal goals.
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Values
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How do values differ from attitudes and beliefs?
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They are acion-oriented or action-producing.
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This is the representation of the self and a tool that can beused to increase self-awareness.
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The Johari Window
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What are the 4 quads of the Johari window?
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1. The open or public self.
2. The unknowing self. 3. The private self. 4. The unknown self. |
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What conditions are essential to Development of a therapeutic relationship?
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1. Rapport
2. Trust 3. Respect 4. Genuineness 5. Empathy |
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What are the phase of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Rlationship?
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1. Pre-interaction phase
2. Orientation Phase 3. Working Phase 4. Termination Phase |
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A transaction between the sender and the reciever. Both persons participate simultaneously.
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Interpersonl Communication
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The unnate tendency to own space.
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Territoriality
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The number of people within a given environmental space
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Density
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The means by which various cultures use space to communicate.
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Distance
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What are the four kinds of distance in intepersonal interactions?
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1. Intimate Distance
2. Personal Distance 3. Social Distance 4. Public Distance |
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What are some preexisting conditions that can affect communication?
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Values, attitudes, beliefs, culture or religion, social status, gender, and age or developmental level.
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The closest distance that individuals allow between themselves and others.
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Intimate distance
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The distance for interactions that are personal in nature, such as close conversations with friends.
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Personal distance
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The distance for conversation with strangers or acquaintances.
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Social distance
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The distance for speaking in public or yeling to someone some distane away.
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Public distance
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What are the components of nonverbal communication?
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Physcial appearance and dress, body movement and posture, touch, facial expressions, eye behavior, and vocal cues or paralanguage.
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What does S-O-L-E-R mean?
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S-sit squarely facing the client.
O- observe an open posture. L- lean foward towar the client. E- establish eye contact. R- relax |
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Written reports of verbal interactions with clients.
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Process recordings
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___________ is descriptive rather than evaluative and focused on th ebehavior rather than on the client
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Feedback
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The science that deals with the rightness and wrogness of actions.
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Ethics
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Term applied to ethics when they refer to concepts within the scope of medicine, nursing, and allied health.
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Bioethics
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Ideals or concepts that give meaning to the individual's life.
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Values
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Conduct that results from serious critical thinking about how individuals ought to treat others.
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Moral behavior
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A Process of self-discovery by which people identify their personal values and their vlaue rankings.
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Values clarification
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A valid, legally recognized claim or entitlement, encompassing both freedom from government interfernece or discriminatory treatment and entitlement to a benefit or service.
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Right
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When there is no restriction whatsoever on te individual's entitlement.
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Absolute Right
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A right on which the society has agreed and formalized into law.
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Legal Right
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What are the ethical issues in Psychiatric/mental health nursing?
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The right to refuse meds and the right to the least restrictive treatment alternative.
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What are some legal issues in Psych nursing?
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Assault and Battery, False Imprisionmet, and Invasion of Privacy.
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