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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fixed interval
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Reinforcer is presented following the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed |
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Fixed ratio |
Reinforcers are given only after a specified # of responses have been madev |
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Variable interval |
Reinforcer appears after a different amount of time each time |
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Variable ratio |
Based on average # of responses between reinforcers |
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Successive approximation |
Behavior such as learning to speak will be reinforcer only as it comes to approximate or approach the final desired behavior |
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Behavior modification |
A form of therapy that applies the principles of reinforcement to bring about desired behavioral changes |
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Instinctive drift |
The substitution of instinctive behaviors for behaviors that had been reinforced |
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Bandura |
Behavior is learned Social learning theory |
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Observational learning |
Learning new responses by observing the behavior of other people |
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Vicarious reinforcement |
Learning or strengthening a behavior by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior rather than experiencing the reinforcement or consequences directly Learning from others being reinforced/punished |
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Modeling |
Observing the behavior of others and participating with them in performing the desired behavior Bobo doll experiment |
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Disinhibitation |
Weakening of inhibitions or constraints by observing the behavior of a model |
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Attentional processes |
Staying awake during drivers ed class |
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Retention processes |
Taking notes |
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Production processes |
Practicing driving with instructor |
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Incentive/motivational processes |
Expecting that wen we have mastered driving skills we will pass the driving test and revive a license |
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Reciprocal determinism |
Idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual through cognitive processes and by the environment through external social stimulus events |
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Internal locus of control |
A belief that reinforcement is brought about by our own behavior We have control |
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External locus of control |
A belief that reinforcement is under the control of other people, fate, or luck |
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Sensation seeking |
Need for varied, novel, and complex sensation and experiences |
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Learned helplessness |
Condition resulting from the perception that we have no control over our environment |
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Explanatory style |
A way of explaining to ourselves our relative lack of control over our environment |
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Optimistic explanatory style |
Can prevent learned helplessness |
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Pessimistic explanatory style |
Spreads helplessness to all facets of life |
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Skinners assessment |
Functional analyses 3 types to assess behavior Direct observation Self report Physiological measures |
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Skinner |
Not a personality theory Anti thesis of the psychoanalytic, trait, lifespan, cognitive, and humanistic approaches |
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Extinction |
Process of eliminating a behavior by withholding reinforcement |
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Operant behavior |
Behavior emitted spontaneously or voluntarily that operates on the environment to change jt |
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Operant conditioning |
The procedure by which a change in the consequences of a response will affect the rate at which the response occurs |
