Psych Midterm2 Chap7

Front 1

Today's teenagers spend the most hours:A. on schoolwork.B. with members of their families.C. on leisure activities.D. working.

Back 1

C. on leisure activities.

Front 2

What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the early2000s?A. Boys had a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and girls had a significant increase in timedevoted to leisure activities.B. There was a significant decline in time devoted to homework among girls.C. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and leisure activities.D. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significantincrease in time devoted to leisure activities.

Back 2

D. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significantincrease in time devoted to leisure activities.

Front 3

Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity would beassociated with all but which of the following outcomes?A. enhancing their feelings of self-confidence and self-esteemB. higher school achievementC. increasing their contact with adult role modelsD. increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Back 3

D. increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Front 4

American high school students spend fewer than _____ hours per week on homework, whereas Japanese, Taiwan, and Indiahigh school students average closer to _____.A. 10; 20 hours per weekB. 20; 20 hours per weekC. 5; 5 hours per dayD. 5; 5 hours per week

Back 4

C. 5; 5 hours per day

Front 5

According to the textbook, all of the following contributed to the rise of the adolescent workplace in the United States,except:A. industrialization.B. the expansion of the service sector.C. the expansion of the retail sector.D. a relatively short school day compared with other countries.

Back 5

A. industrialization

Front 6

What kind of job is an eighth grader most likely to have?A. baby-sitting or childcareB. farm or agricultural jobC. store clerk or salespersonD. fast-food-related job

Back 6

A. baby-sitting or childcare

Front 7

Hillary is a high school senior. Which of the following jobs is she most likely to have?A. food server at a restaurantB. baby-sitterC. gardenerD. housekeeper

Back 7

A. food server at a restaurant

Front 8

Research assessing adolescent work experiences found:A. adolescents have little opportunity to interact with other adolescents on the job.B. adolescents often form close relationships with adults with whom they work.C. high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers (stealing from employers, lying about the number of hoursworked).D. adolescents find it easier to talk about their personal problems with adults at work than with their parents.

Back 8

C. high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers (stealing from employers, lying about the number of hoursworked).

Front 9

Ruben works over 20 hours a week during the school year and Marianne does not work at all. Ruben, compared to Marianne,is more likely to:A. become more socially responsible.B. know how to manage his money better.C. drop out of school.D. not engage in drug and alcohol use.

Back 9

C. drop out of school.

Front 10

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:A. family necessities.B. leisure activitiesC. household expenses.D. college expenses

Back 10

B. leisure activities

Front 11

Having more income than one can manage during early adolescence has been called:A. precocious income.B. displacement abundance.C. occupational disparity.D. premature affluence.

Back 11

D. premature affluence.

Front 12

Abner works long hours on weekends and after school. Research suggests that Abner:A. is likely to develop a strong sense of responsibility.B. is less likely to engage in delinquent activities than his nonworking peers.C. may have a higher likelihood of engaging in minor delinquency than his peers.D. likely to report his fellow workers for their delinquent behavior.

Back 12

C. may have a higher likelihood of engaging in minor delinquency than his peers

Front 13

According to research by Wayne Osgood and colleagues, the combination of several factors encourages delinquency and otherproblem behaviors among adolescents. This view is called the routine activity theory, and all but which of the following arethought to be major contributing factors to this combination?A. a lack of structureB. lower-than-average intelligenceC. socializing with peersD. the absence of adult supervision

Back 13

B. lower-than-average intelligence

Front 14

The Experience Sampling Method involves:A. observing individuals in their natural setting.B. witnessing change in the makeup of the population.C. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.D. researchers becoming participants during their observations.

Back 14

C. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.

Front 15

When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?A. when they are with friendsB. when they are workingC. when they are with their familyD. when they are alone

Back 15

D. when they are alone

Front 16

The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:A. athletics.B. music.C. academic clubs.D. occupational clubs.

Back 16

A. athletics.

Front 17

Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activities are next most popular among adolescents?A. music-related and academic-relatedB. academic-related and church-relatedC. occupation-related and music-relatedD. church-related and occupation-related

Back 17

A. music-related and academic-related

Front 18

Dr. Eckert wants to learn whether students with high self-esteem are more likely to participate in extracurricular activities, orif participation in extracurricular activities enhances adolescents' psychological well-being. She is most likely to understand acause-and-effect relationship between psychological well-being and extracurricular activities by using which type of study?A. cross-sectionalB. prospectiveC. longitudinalD. All of the above.

Back 18

C. longitudinal

Front 19

The three dominant theories concerning the media's impact on adolescent development today include all but which of thefollowing?A. the media practice modelB. the routine activity theoryC. the uses and gratifications approachD. cultivation theory

Back 19

B. the routine activity theory

Front 20

When is delinquency most common?A. weekdays during school hoursB. weekday afternoonsC. weekend nightsD. weekend afternoons

Back 20

B. weekday afternoons

Front 21

According to the textbook, compared to young people who are supervised after school by adults, Stephanie, a self-careadolescent, will likely experience all of the following except:A. be more socially isolated and more depressedB. be sexually active earlierC. be more likely to be involved in problem behaviorD. use less drugs and alcohol

Back 21

D. use less drugs and alcohol

Front 22

The average American adolescent sends _____ text messages a day.A. 1-20 textsB. 21-50 textsC. 51-100D. more than 100

Back 22

D. more than 100

Front 23

Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spuriouscausation, which means that:A. two things can go hand in hand.B. that the second thing is actually causing the first thing (not the reverse).C. there is no statistically significant relation.D. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor

Back 23

D. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor

Front 24

One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that:A. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.B. media is difficult to measure.C. the type of media that adolescents use changes rapidly.D. adolescents are very secretive about their media use.

Back 24

A. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.

Front 25

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the fact that adolescents choose the media to which they are exposed?A. uses and gratifications approachB. cultivation theoryC. media practice modelD. routine activity theory

Back 25

A. uses and gratifications approach

Front 26

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does connection mean?A. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areasB. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacyC. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchangesD. respect for societal and cultural rules

Back 26

C. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

Front 27

. The power of the adolescent as a consumer has increased as a result of:A. the size of the adolescent population.B. the prevalence of student employment.C. the fact that adolescents save less than any other age group.D. All of the above.

Back 27

D. All of the above.

Front 28

What is the main difference in time-use between 15- to 17-year-olds in the late 1970s and 15- to 17-year-olds in the early2000s?A. Boys had a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and girls had a significant increase in timedevoted to leisure activities.B. There was a significant decline in time devoted to homework among girls.C. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and leisure activities.D. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significantincrease in time devoted to leisure activities.

Back 28

D. Among boys and girls, there was a significant decline in the proportion of time devoted to paid jobs and a significantincrease in time devoted to leisure activities.

Front 29

Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity would beassociated with all but which of the following outcomes?A. enhancing their feelings of self-confidence and self-esteemB. higher school achievementC. increasing their contact with adult role modelsD. increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Back 29

D. increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Front 30

. American high school students spend fewer than _____ hours per week on homework, whereas Japanese, Taiwan, and Indiahigh school students average closer to _____.A. 10; 20 hours per weekB. 20; 20 hours per weekC. 5; 5 hours per dayD. 5; 5 hours per week

Back 30

C. 5; 5 hours per day

Front 31

The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased over the past two decades. Which ofthe following is not an explanation for this?A. Educational reformers began calling for tougher standards in high school.B. Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission.C. The recession during the first decade of the twenty-first century left many educated and qualified adults without jobs.D. The growth of new technologies during the first part of the twenty-first century expanded leisure opportunities for manyteenagers.

Back 31

B. Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission

Front 32

. Which of the following characteristics of the retail and restaurant industries contributed to the rise in adolescent employment?A. need for part-time workersB. abundance of low-wage positionsC. short shift schedulesD. All of the above.

Back 32

D. All of the above.

Front 33

According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development?A. Working helps adolescents develop a sense of responsibility and prepares them for the transition to adulthood.B. Working interferes with other activities, such as school.C. Working promotes the development of undesirable behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use.D. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on many factors, including the nature of the job, thenumber of hours worked each week, and the aspect of development studied.

Back 33

D. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on many factors, including the nature of the job, thenumber of hours worked each week, and the aspect of development studied

Front 34

Ryan did a survey at his middle school of the most common after-school jobs for the eighth-grade class. What are his resultslikely to say?A. movie theater usher and nurses' aideB. baby-sitting and lawn workC. fast-food worker and clothing store cashierD. receptionist and paper carrier

Back 34

B. baby-sitting and lawn work

Front 35

Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in:A. construction and manual labor.B. restaurants and retail establishments.C. offices and other clerical settings.D. factories and manufacturing plants.

Back 35

B. restaurants and retail establishments

Front 36

. Research assessing adolescent work experiences found:A. adolescents have little opportunity to interact with other adolescents on the job.B. adolescents often form close relationships with adults with whom they work.C. high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers (stealing from employers, lying about the number of hoursworked).D. adolescents find it easier to talk about their personal problems with adults at work than with their parents.

Back 36

C. high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers (stealing from employers, lying about the number of hoursworked)

Front 37

Which of the following is true of most adolescents' jobs?A. They encourage adolescents to behave independently.B. They require challenging decision making.C. Adolescents are rarely required to use skills taught in school.D. Adolescents receive strict instruction from supervisors.

Back 37

C. Adolescents are rarely required to use skills taught in school

Front 38

A U-shaped or inverted-U pattern of results, as seen in studies that have examined how adolescents' moods change over timewhen with their families, is called what?A. a curvy line patternB. a linear patternC. a quadratic patternD. a curvilinear pattern

Back 38

D. a curvilinear pattern

Front 39

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:A. family necessities.B. leisure activitiesC. household expenses.D. college expenses.

Back 39

B. leisure activities

Front 40

Having more income than one can manage during early adolescence has been called:A. precocious income.B. displacement abundance.C. occupational disparity.D. premature affluence.

Back 40

D. premature affluence.

Front 41

Which of the following is an adolescent the least likely to spend their job earnings on?A. drugs and alcoholB. designer clothingC. higher educationD. stereo equipment

Back 41

C. higher education

Front 42

As discussed in the textbook, adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are more likely than their peers to:A. be absent from school.B. graduate from high school.C. spend more time on their homework.D. be less cynical about the workplace.

Back 42

A. be absent from school.

Front 43

Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in which of the following?A. aggressionB. school misconductC. minor delinquencyD. All of the above.

Back 43

D. All of the above.

Front 44

Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents, and research showing the potentialdangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed programs will not onlydeter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on developing positive attributes isknown as what?A. pro-bono youth developmentB. preventative youth developmentC. cultivating decent youthsD. positive youth development

Back 44

D. positive youth development

Front 45

The Experience Sampling Method involves:A. observing individuals in their natural setting.B. witnessing change in the makeup of the population.C. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.D. researchers becoming participants during their observations.

Back 45

C. adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged

Front 46

When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?A. when they are with friendsB. when they are workingC. when they are with their familyD. when they are alone

Back 46

D. when they are alone

Front 47

The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:A. athletics.B. music.C. academic clubs.D. occupational clubs.

Back 47

A. athletics.

Front 48

What proportion of American households has at least one television?A. Virtually all American households have at least one TV.B. Except for adolescents who live in low-income, single-parent, or disadvantaged homes, the majority of Americanhouseholds have at least one TV.C. More than 50% of American households have at least one TV.D. Virtually all middle-class and upper-class households have at least one TV; however, about 50% of lower-income familieshave a TV.

Back 48

A. Virtually all American households have at least one TV

Front 49

When is delinquency most common?A. weekdays during school hoursB. weekday afternoonsC. weekend nightsD. weekend afternoons

Back 49

B. weekday afternoons

Front 50

The average American adolescent sends _____ text messages a day.A. 1-20 textsB. 21-50 textsC. 51-100D. more than 100

Back 50

D. more than 100

Front 51

Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spuriouscausation, which means that:A. two things can go hand in hand.B. that the second thing is actually causing the first thing (not the reverse).C. there is no statistically significant relation.D. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor

Back 51

D. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor

Front 52

Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex?A. unprotected sex can have serious consequencesB. women are sex objectsC. sex is a defining aspect of masculinityD. sex is fun and exciting

Back 52

A. unprotected sex can have serious consequences

Front 53

One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that:A. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.B. media is difficult to measure.C. the type of media that adolescents use changes rapidly.D. adolescents are very secretive about their media use.

Back 53

A. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.

Front 54

According to the textbook, the harmful effects of low parental monitoring are especially bad in neighborhoods that:A. are low in collective efficacy.B. are low in diversity.C. are high in diversity.D. are low income.

Back 54

A. are low in collective efficacy.

Front 55

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does confidence mean?A. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areasB. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy; global self-regardC. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchangesD. respect for societal and cultural rules

Back 55

B. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy; global self-regard