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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where was Wilhem Wundt from? What era? |
1800's, Leipzig Germany |
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What idea did Edward Titchener come up with? |
Structuralism |
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What is structuralism? |
The idea that consciousness should be made up of simple elements, like in chemistry |
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method of looking inward and reflecting on one’s own conscious experience |
Introspection |
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Who is the father of modern psychology |
William James |
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True or false: William James did plenty of experiments |
false |
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What branch of unique psychology did William James contribute to? |
pragmatism-functionalism |
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What influenced William James to abandon the popular idea of structuralism? |
Whatis important is not the specific simpler structures of these concepts butrather their adaptive function, how they enable us to survive |
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Who was credited with writing the first psychology textbook? |
William James |
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What forms the basis of capitalism? |
Pragmatism: the end result. |
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Who is the founder of Psychotheraphy? Where did he live? |
Sigmun freud, in Vienna, Austria |
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True or false: Freud was a psychologist. |
False, he was a psychoanalyst. |
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When were the major roots of clinical psychology put down in the US? |
1940s |
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With what industries does applied psychology deal with? |
Social,developmental, educational, industrial |
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What are the subdivisions of psychology called? |
schools. |
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When did Cognitive psychology begin and with who? |
Late 19th century, William james |
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Which field fell into disrepute with behavioural psychology in the 1920's, but is now a boom subject? |
Cognitive. |
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What does cognitive psychology explore? |
Studyof higher “mental functions” and mental processes -- memory, attention, decision-making, language |
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what cannot be directly explored in cognitive experiments? |
Mental processes. |
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what do performance and decision time help you infer? |
Hypothetical brain functions |
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What is neural cognitive processing? |
Useof computers to mimic cognitive/information processing. How many “decisions”must the computer make to arrive at a solution to a problem. |
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what variables can you manipulate when studying biological neuroscience? |
stimulate brain mechanically, or engage person in task. |
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When and with whom did behavioural psychology begin? |
J. Watson in the 1920's. |
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who laidout much of the tenets of “behaviourism” |
B.F. Skinner (1935-1990) |
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What behaviours will be repeated? |
reinforced behaviours. |
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Why is behaviourism considered a true science? |
it is objective. |
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What are the two reasons behind behavours? |
Reinforced behaviours will be repeated, or all behaviours are learned. |
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Much of psychology is attempting to distinguish the origin of certain behaviours, |
nature vs. nurture. |
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What did freuds psychoanalytical theory dictate? |
Muchof behaviour and “emotion” is repressed (especially sexuality) and it is theserepressed, unconscious influences that dictate our personality and behaviour |
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what are humanistic theories? |
Emphasison unique human quality of behaviour |
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A persons unique life experience |
Phenomenology |
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What are three methods of gaining knowledge thought up by philosophers? |
Divine insight, pure logic and thought, Scientific methods and manipulation |
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What is the difference between a materialist and an idealist? |
Materialist- all things must exist in physical form Idealist- Does not believe in any physical reality. |
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Which greek philosopher exemplified idealism? |
Plato |
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What are the steps of the scientific method? |
1. Define a problem 2. Search the literature 3. Develop a theory 4. Form a hypothesis 5. Test the hypothesis 6. Collect and analyze the data 7. Interpret the results. |
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What does a theory do? |
Predicts future behaviour or events. |
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What are components of a good theory/experiment? |
Theory must be able to be proven wrong, and an experiment should be able to be replicated. |
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Define Controversy: |
A state in which there are two theories to explain one phenomena which could both potentially be correct. |
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All Hypothesis are _____ until proven otherwise |
false |
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What is a case study? |
a Study of one or more individuals in detail to obtain data that would be true for all ofus. |
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What is the placebo effect? |
When a person who believes they are receiving treatment notices a change in their symptoms. |
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Can a treatment be released to the public without a trial with a placebo? |
No. |
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Explain a Quasi-experiment |
The independent variable cannot be changed, therefore it is assumed that the result is due to that variable. |
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Why are natural environments difficult to hold experiments in? |
There are too many variables making it difficult to control. |
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Why is the median used over the mean? |
extremely high or low scores may skew the average, but the median is always in the middle regardless of extremes. |
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What type of curve do most experiments follow? |
Bell curve, where half is above or below the median. |
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how are significant statistics obtained? |
Explainedvariance (knowledge) is divided by unexplained variance (individual differencesor ignorance). |
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Why can we not assume that rich people commit crime less often than poor people because they are rich? |
Correlation is not causation. |
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What type of slice of the brain is this? |
Horizontal |
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What type of slice of the brain is this? |
Coronal |
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What type of slice of the brain is this? |
Sagittal |
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What makes up the brain stem? |
Medulla, prons, midbrain |
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What lobes are the neocortex divided into? |
frontal,parietal, temporal, occipital lobes |
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What is a fissure? |
Folds of the brain |
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How many layers does the neocortex have? |
Six |
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What are the three major cortices? |
Sensory, motor, association |
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What areas of the brain are part of the association cortex? |
frontallobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and portions of the occipital lobe |
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Four F's of the Limbic system |
feeding, fighting, fleeing, f*cking |
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What part of the brain plays a role in permanent memory? |
Parietal lobe. |
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What part of the brain controls short term memory? |
Hippocampus, amygdala |
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What does the frontal lobe control? |
Motor functions and higher mental capacities (logic, feedback, will, initiative, personality) |
