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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hindsight Bias
Mod 2 |
After an event has happened, people are more likely to say the event was "inevitable or obvious" to occur than before it happened.
Example: People say it was obvious that a terrorist attach was inevitable after 9/11, but no one saw it coming before. |
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Overconfidence
Mod 2 |
People tend to assume that they can solve problems and puzzles faster than they actually can.
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Critical Thinking
Mod 2 |
Examines assumtions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Take no assumption for granted without evidence. |
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Theory
Mod 2 |
Explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior and events.
A theory must have testable predictions (hypotheses). |
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Hypotheses
Mod 2 |
Testable predictions that are made by theory, that can serve to reject or revise the theory.
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Case Study
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Studying one individual in depth in hopes of revealing things that are true for all people.
One individual is not always a good subset upon which to draw generalizations about a group. |
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The Survey
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Looks at many cases in less depth. People report their behavior or opinions.
Must be careful about: Wording Effects Random Sampling |
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Naturalistic Observation
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Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural environment.
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Correlation
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When different forms of research seem to support one trait or behavior accompanies another.
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Illusory Correlation
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A perceived but nonexistent correlation.
Example: The belief that sugar makes children hyperactive (not actually true) |
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Experiments
Mod 2 |
Experiments are a way to examine cause and effect relationships.
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Double-blind procedure
Mod 2 |
Neither the examiner nor the participant know which treatment the participant is receiving.
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Placebo Effect
Mod 2 |
Patients feel better just be believing that they are receiving treatment.
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Experimental Group
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The group that is testing the variable you want to examine.
Example: you want to examine the effects of a lack of sleep on test performance, this is the group that doesnt sleep. |
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Control group
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The group that is testing the variable you want to examine.
Example: you want to examine the effects of a lack of sleep on test performance, this is the group that sleeps normally. |
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Independent Variable
Mod 2 |
The variable that you manipulate in an experiment.
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Dependent Variable
Mod 2 |
The "results" variable.
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Mechanical approach
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The study of the human body as if it were a machine. Seeing human emotions as a series of mechanical processes.
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The Mind-Body problem
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How to thoughts (non concrete) interact with the body and physiological processes (concrete)
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Dualism
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The idea that the mind (soul) and body are two separate entities.
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Monism
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The mind and body are not separate, but instead are a combined series of interactions between physical and non-physical processes.
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Materialism
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Matter that follows the laws of physics gives rise to consciousness. We are a series of biological processes.
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Behaviorists
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Believed that we only care about the behavior effects of human thought, not about the thought itself.
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biopsychosocial approach
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considers influence of biological processes, social environments, and psychological concepts in examining the mind.
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