Psych Final - Exam 1

Front 1

Baby Lindsay has combined her reaching, grasping and sucking schemes into a higher order scheme that allows her to reach for her pacifier and put in it her mouth. This is an example of

Back 1

organization

Front 2

As described in class, deferred imitation experiments by Metzloff and colleagues suggested that Piaget

Back 2

underestimated young infants' abilities regarding mental represetnation

Front 3

Baby Travis is happy when he interacts with his parents and is comforted by their nearness when stressed. This strong affectionate tie is known as

Back 3

attachment

Front 4

Two year old Brooke points to a photo of herself and says Brooke. This demonstrates that she has developed

Back 4

self recognition

Front 5

The protective membrane surrounding a fetus known as the _, develops from the _.

Back 5

amnion, trophoblast

Front 6

Compared to childhood and adolescence, in adulthood the influence of genetic factors tend to

Back 6

increase

Front 7

A child struggles with impaired mental functioning in four areas but his physical development has been typical and no facial abnormalities are present. After confirming that the child was prenatally exposed to alcohol, you begin to suspect the child may have

Back 7

Alcohol related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Front 8

You are a physician. During a routine checkup, a patient in her second trimester tells you she has been experiencing swelling in the face and extremities. You know that swelling commonly occurs during pregnancy and is often harmless, but tests soon reveal that she has high blood pressure and high levels of protein in her urine. Your patient may have

Back 8

pre-eclampsia

Front 9

Studies with young infants often rely on the direction and duration of an infant's gaze. These studies are based on the principle of _, which is the idea that infants will _.

Back 9

novelty preference, look longer at something new

Front 10

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Back 10

SIDS babies are likely tohave slept on their backs

Front 11

Executive functions (higher order cognitions like reasoning, learning and planning) are thought to take place in which of the following brain structures

Back 11

Prefrontal cortex

Front 12

Judith, a ten month old, follows her mother's gaze attending to the same objects as she does. The phenomenon is known as _ and is thought to be instrumental to infants' _.

Back 12

joint attention, early language development

Front 13

Which of the following statements best illustrates the two key components of the concept known as goodness of fit?

Back 13

A child's caregiving environment should be adjusted to their temperament while encouraging him to modulate non-adaptive tendencies

Front 14

Which of the following statements about fathers and attachment is NOT true?

Back 14

The marital relationship has little influence on the father child attachment relationship; the quality of the father child attachment is rarely influenced by other factors in the home and family

Front 15

Newborn Anna is born into an abusive, neglectful and chaotic home situation. She is left in her crib for long periods and has very little stimulation or affection. What can we predict will happen in regard to herHPA system

Back 15

ALL OF THE ABOVE She will not experience normative stress response dampening in early infancy, she will not show atypically high cortisol in early infancy and she will show atypical functioning in the balancing of baseline and threat activiated cortisol at 18 motnhs.

Front 16

8 month of Danielle is an experienced crawler. What happens when she is put into the moving room apparatus?

Back 16

Her body sways as she perceives movement

Front 17

Studies show that the chronic stress of early,deprived orphanage rearing

Back 17

disrupts the brain's capacity to manage stress with long term physical and psychological consequences

Front 18

The heritability of IQ seems to be about .5 when tested in younger samples and as high as .8 when tested in older samples. What mechanism might explain the larger heritability estimate among older samples?

Back 18

Active correlation

Front 19

In the video on labor and delivery, Gina's baby was in what position?

Back 19

Posterior

Front 20

Imagine that the differential susceptibilityhypothesis is operating in an intervention study. After the intervention is concluded and thepost-test data are analyzed, what patterns would the researchers observe?

Back 20

Children with genetic sensitivity perform betterthan children without genetic sensitivity.

Front 21

Which of the following is an example of applied developmental research?

Back 21

scientific evaluation of a program to modulatethe stress response in children who had grown up in orphanages

Front 22

Alice was a fearful infant, her parents pushedher to take chances and try new things. As an adult, she will

Back 22

still be somewhat anxious but not severly limited

Front 23

Tommy was born with an aggression gene but isadopted by a sensitive, gentle mom. Heis not aggressive later in life. This isdue to

Back 23

“environmental influences on gene expression”.

Front 24

Kim and Mike video, challenge experienced was

Back 24

frightening medical procedures

Front 25

When newborn Megan feels the sensation ofdropping she flings her arms out and then draws them back in to her torso in anexample of

Back 25

moro likely developed to retain hold on hermother’s body.

Front 26

The most critical infant behavior in the strangesituation is

Back 26

reaction when reunited with parent

Front 27

Jane is in the second stage of labor. She canexpect

Back 27

her baby to be born. (1. ?, 2. Baby deliver 3. Placenta delivered)

Front 28

Most adults and older children cannot rememberevents that happened before the age of three because

Back 28

they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

Front 29

As discussed in class, the cellular injuriesoccurred to the Romanian orphans brains were

Back 29

a deficient of myelin

Front 30

According to our textbook, of all motor skills____ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

Back 30

reaching

Front 31

Kara is the 30 year old mother of a year oldinfant. Kara had a difficult childhoodand was neglected and abused. Kara isgiven the AAI and her responses reveal she describes her childhood experiencesopenly with coherent discourse. She doesnot seem preoccupied or currently traumatized by her experience. Her attachment classification is ____ and we can predict her baby’s attachment will be ____.

Back 31

earned secure, secure

Front 32

Which of the following statements aboutimitation is true?

Back 32

a. Newborns do not have the ability to imitate facial expressions - FALSE

b. While new born humans imitate some gesutres studies have failed to reproduce the findings in newborn primates – FALSE

c. According to Andrew Meltzoff, newborns do not imitate as much as older children and adults do. – FALSE

d. Some researchers claim that newborns, both primate and human imitate a variety of facial expressions and head movements with effort and determination even after short delays – TRUE

Front 33

What helps parent-infant attachment occur?

Back 33

Both Babies are programmed to elicit parental caregiving behaviors and parents are programmed to response to babies needs

Front 34

In the video, Gina becomes upset because

Back 34

shes worried she was showing failure to progress and would need another c-section.

Front 35

7 month old Will is trainined in the moving carapparatus before he can crawl. A weekafter he begins crawling, he is placed in the visual cliff apparatus.

Back 35

His peripheral vision had been exercised by the training and he will refuse to crawl over the cliff side.

Front 36

The chart illustrates that

Back 36

a. Because each person has different genes, they respond differently to the same environment.

b. Different gene environment combinations sometimes land people in about the same place.

c. A main effect of environment

d. ALL ARE TRUE IS THE ANSwer

Front 37

The cardinal movements ensure that

Back 37

the widest part of the baby’s head is aligned with the widest part of the mothers’ pelvis.

Front 38

The effects of teratogens vary with

Back 38

the age of the organism at time of exposure

Front 39

Animal evidence suggests that one reason for aninconsistency in results from studies regarding the risk of ADHD in individualswho are homozygous for a Chromosome – 5 gene may be that

Back 39

environmental influences associated with ADHD modigy the gene’s activity

Front 40

During the Strange Situation, 1 year old Jackclings to his mother when they are alone and he his and pushes her when shereturns. Hack’s behavior is consistentwith

Back 40

the resistant attachment pattern,

Front 41

Dr. Albright wants to determine if people whoare genetically more alike are also more similar in intelligence. Dr. Albirght should

Back 41

use a kinship study.

Front 42

Violation of expectation method, ReneeBaillargeon and her collaborators claimed to have found evidence for

Back 42

object permanence in the first few month of life (also look up age of mental representations and tertiary circular reactions)

Front 43

Newborn baby Julie is showing weak response toseveral tests of reflexes.

Back 43

This is likely due to damage to the subcortical areas of her brain and she will likely experience substantial neurodevelopmental disability.

Front 44

Research indicates that the sense of motion anddepth is connected to infants’

Back 44

peripheral vision.

Front 45

Piaget believed that babies constructed allmental representations from

Back 45

sensorimotor activity.

Front 46

Stability in development can arise from

Back 46

genetic influences and early experiences

Front 47

Experience expectant brain growth depends on

Back 47

ordinary experiences.

Front 48

Maris is inactive, shows mild, low key reactionsto environmental stimuli and adjusts slowly to new experiences. According toThomas and Chess, Maris would be classified as

Back 48

a slow-to-warm-up child

Front 49

During childbirth high levels of infant cortisoland other stress hormones are

Back 49

adaptive

Front 50

A language experiment we watched in classdemonstrated greater newborn attention to content or meaning words rather thanpreositions. What perspective does thisresult support?

Back 50

Interactionist/information processing

Front 51

Accord to Mary Rothbart, variations in effortfulcontrol are evident in

Back 51

how effectively a child can focus and shift attention, inhibit impulses and manage negative emotion.

Front 52

During rapid cognitive change, children are in a

Back 52

state of disequilibrium

Front 53

Based on the differing results of severalstudies of the stress response of Romanian orphans, it has been suggested that

Back 53

the children had problems in the calibration and regulation of baseline and stress cortisol.

Front 54

_____ needs to occur before the cervix candilate completely.

Back 54

Effacement

Front 55

As a result of synaptic pruning,

Back 55

seldom stimulated neurons lose their synapses.

Front 56

When children are not changing much cognitively,

Back 56

they assimilate more than they accommodate.

Front 57

Linda will exhibit and average IQ in an

Back 57

unstilumating environment

Front 58

Infant sensitivity to depth is promoted by

Back 58

independent movement

Front 59

The groundwork is laid for all body structuresduring the period of the____ whereas the rate of body growth is greatestduring the period of the_____.

Back 59

embryo, fetus

Front 60

According to Bowlby, the _____ serves as a guide for all future close relationships.

Back 60

internal working model