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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
information processing theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on the specific ways in which people mentally think about ("process") the info they receive
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sensory register
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component of memory that holds incoming info in an unanalyzed form for a very brief time (2-3 secs or less)
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working memory
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component of memory that enables people to actively think about and process a small amount of info
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long-term memory
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component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long period of time
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central executive
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component of the human info processing system that oversees the flow of info throughout the system
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automatization
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process of becoming able to respond quickly and efficiently while mentally processing or physically performing certain tasks
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infantile amnesia
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general inability to recall events that have occurred in the early years of life
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knowledge base
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one's knowledge about specific topics and the world in general
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schema
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tightly integrated set of ideas about a specific objet or situation
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script
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schema that involves a predictable sequence of events related to a common activity
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symbol
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mental entity that represent an external object or event, often without reflecting its perceptual and behavioral qualities
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metacognition
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knowledge and beliefs about one's own cognitive processes, as well as efforts to regulate those cognitive processes to maximize learning and memory
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cognitive strategy
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specific mental process that people use to acquire or manipulate info
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rehearsal
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attempt to learn and remember info by repeating it over and over
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organization
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process of identifying interrelationships among pieces of info as a way of learning them more effectively
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elaboration
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process of using prior knowledge to embellish on new info and thereby learn it more effectively
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metacognitive awareness
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extent to which one is able to reflect on the nature of one's own thinking processes
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self-regulated learning
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directing and controlling one's own cognitive processes in order to learn successfully
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comprehension monitoring
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process of checking oneself to make sure one understands what one is studying
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epistemological beliefs
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beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge and knowledge acquisition
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intersubjectivity
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awareness of shared understandings and perceptions that provide the foundation for social interaction
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joint attention
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phenomenon in which 2 people (child and caregiver) simultaneously focus on the same object or event, monitor each other's attention and coordinate their responses
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social referencing
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looking at someone else (caregiver) for clues about how to respond to a particular object or event
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co-regulated learning
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process through which an adult and child share responsibility for directing various aspects of the child's learning
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theory theory
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theoretical perspective proposing that children construct increasingly integrated and complex understandings of physical and mental phenomena
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nativism
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theoretical perspective proposing that some knowledge is biologically built-in and present at birth or soon thereafter
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conceptual change
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revision of one's knowledge and understanding of a topic in response to new info about the topic
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learning disability
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significant deficit in 1+ cognitive processes, to the point where special educational services are required
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attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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disability characterized by inattention, by hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, or by all 3 characteristics
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autism
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disability characterized by infrequent social interaction, little awareness of one's own and others' thoughts, communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, narrowly focused interests, and a strong need for a predictable environment
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