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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
child development
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study of the persistent, cumulative and progressive changes in the physical, cognitive and social-emotional development of children and adolescents
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physical development
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physical and brain growth and age-related changes in motor skills
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cognitive development
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systematic changes in reasoning, concepts, memory and language
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social-emotional development
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systematic changes in emotions, self-concept, motivation, social relationships and moral reasoning and behavior
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context
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the broad social environments, including family, schools and community services, neighborhoods, culture, ethnicity and society at large, that influence children's development
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nature
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inherited characteristics and tendencies that affect development
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temperament
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a child's characteristic ways of responding to emotional events, novel stimuli and personal impulses
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maturation
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genetically guided changes that occur over the course of development
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nurture
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environmental conditions that affect development
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sensitive period
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a period in development when certain environmental experiences have a more pronounced influence that is true at other times
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universality
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in a particular aspect of human development, the commonalities seen in the way virtually all individuals progress
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diversity
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in a particular aspect of human development, the varied ways different individuals progress
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qualitative change
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relatively dramatic developmental change that reflects considerable reorganization or modification of functioning
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quantitative change
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developmental change that involves a series of minor, trendlike modifications
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stage
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a period of development characterized by a qualitatively distinct way of behaving or thinking
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stage theory
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theory that describes development as involving a series of qualitatively distinct changes
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theory
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organized system of principles and explanations regarding a particular phenomenon
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biological theory
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theoretical perspective that emphasizes genetic factors and physiological structures and functions of the body and brain
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behaviorism and social learning theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on environmental stimuli and learning processes that lead to behavioral change
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psychodynamic theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on how early experiences and internal conflicts affect social and personality development
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cognitive-development theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on major transformations to the underlying structures of thinking
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cognitive-process theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on the precise nature of human mental operations
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sociocultural theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on children's learning of tools and communication systems through practice in meaningful tasks with other people
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developmental systems theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on the multiple factors, including systems inside and outside children, that combine to influence children's development
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developmentally appropriate practice
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instruction and other services adapted to the age, characteristics and developmental progress of individual children
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