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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)

According to Freud, the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the ____, then the _____, and finally the ____.

A) Id, Ego, Superego

A) Id; Ego; Superego


B) Ego: Id; Superego


C) Superego; Libido; Ego


D) Libido; Superego; Ego

Early philosophers suggested that human personality is based on:

c) 4 different mixes of basic body fluids

A) the sense of being able to achieve goals


B) early relationships with the mother


C) four different mixes of basic body fluids


D) a person's subjective sense of self and free will

Heritability studies of personality show that:

A) almost all personality traits are influenced by genetic factors

a) almost all personality traits are influenced by genetic factors


b) very few personality traits are influenced by genetic factors


c) only specific traits, such as sociability and self-control, are influenced by genetic factors


d) only broad traits, such as extraversion and neuroticism, are influenced by genetic factors

Research on the Big Five and the aging process supports all of the following EXCEPT:

c)in later adulthood, individuals become more open to new experiences

a) from 16-21 yrs of age, people are the most neurotic and least conscientious


b) people begin to become less antagonistic and more agreeable around age 30


c) in later adulthood, individuals become more open to new experiences


d) the Big Five are remarkably stable over a lifetime, especially once a person hits 30

Members of collectivist cultures:

D) value duty, obligation, and security

a) value achievement, leadership, and self-fullfillment


b) explain behaviour by looking at the person's attitudes and preferences


c) give priority to personal goals


d) value duty, obligation, and security

A/An _____ is a persistent, unwanted thought.

a) Obsession

a) obsession


b) delusion


c) compulsion


d) hallucination

Research on the genetic predisposition toward schizophrenia has indicated that:

c) children with 2 schizo parents have a lifetime risk of developing it of about 40%, compared to a risk in the general pop of about 1-2%

a) among identical twins, when one develops schizophrenia, the other twin has an 85% chance of developing it


b) children with one schizo parent have a lifetime risk of developing it of about 35%, compared to a risk in the general population of about 1-2%


c) children with 2 schizo parents have a lifetime risk of developing it of about 40%, compared to a risk in the general pop of about 1-2%


d) the risk of schizophrenia for the unaffected twin when an identical twin has it is greatly reduced if the twins have been reared apart

The narcissistic personality disorder received its name due to its similarity to the Greek mythological figured of Narcissus, a young man who:

b) fell in love with his own reflection

a) experienced half-insane tempests of emotion


b) fell in love with his own reflection


c) trembled with an irrational fear at the sound of thunder


d) felt pervasive and irrational jealousy

A major advantage of the DSM is that:

d) the reliability of diagnosis is greatly improved when the manual is used correctly

a) use of the DSM gives the illusion of objectivity


b) many psychological symptoms fall along a continuum from mild to severe


c) the boundaries bt "normality" and "mental disorder" are fuzzy


d) the reliability of diagnosis is greatly improved when the manual is used correctly

When a friend is suicidal, it is important to remember that:

b) Most suicides occur during acute crises and once people get through these crises, the desire to die fades

a) if you believe a friend is in danger of suicide, do not put the idea into his or her head by asking, "Are you thinking of suicide?"


b) Most suicides occur during acute crises and once people get through these crises, the desire to die fades


c) if a friend is talking about suicide, then he or she will not really do it because most people with serious plans don't signal their intentions


d) if a friend is talking about suicide, then he or she will not really do it because most people with serious plans don't signal their intentions

Evolutionary theorists would be most likely to agree that the fear of _____ was NOT likely to have evolved in humans as an adaptive behaviour.

b) dirt

a) heights and enclosed places


b) dirt


c) thunder


d) snakes and insects

Beginning in adolescence, ____ are more likely than _____ to develop a ruminating, introspective style, rehearsing the reasons for their unhappiness.

c) women; men

a) individualists; collectivists


b) men; women


c) women; men


d) collectivists; individualists

When a person has a mental illness, he or she:

c) may have symptoms that are extremely common

a) engages in abnormal behaviour


b) is engaging in a statistically rare behaviour


c) may have symptoms the are extremely common


d) is diagnosed as insane

Antisocial individuals do not respond physiologically in the same manner that other people do. When compared to normal people, antisocial individuals:

c) are slow to develop classically conditioned responses to anticipated danger and pain

a) experience excessive changes in electrical skin conductance when endangered


b) show abnormalities in right-hemisphere activation


c) are slow to develop classically conditioned responses to anticipated danger and pain


d) have experienced damage to the occipital cortex

Cognitive theorists would be most likely to agree that the real problem for depressed people is that they:

b) feel hopeless

a) have unsatisfying jobs


b) feel hopeless


c) have unsatisfying family lives


d) feel helpless

A patient reports that her first panic attack was frightening and embarassing. She was in the mall and people gathered around her. Over the next few months, the attacks started occurring more frequently, almost always in public places. Now she is afraid to leave the safety of her house. It appears that this individual has developed:

c) agoraphobia

a) bipolar depression


b) a personality disorder


c) agoraphobia


d) a dissociative disorder

In Canada, the insanity defence is used in ______of all criminal cases.

a) a tiny percentage

a) a tiny percentage


b) about half


c) a quarter


d) a tenth

Research on bipolar disorder indicates that:

a) the manic person has inflated self-esteem and feels full of ambition and power

a) the manic person has inflated self-esteem and feels full of ambition and power


b) it is becoming almost as common as major depression in the US


c) the depression is a feeling of "down in the dumps" and the mania is like the joy of winning


d) women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder

The primary purpose of the DSM is to:

d) provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

a) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum


b) help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal, behaviour


c) describe the causes of common psychological disorders


d) provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

Mental disorder is defined as:

c) behaviour or emotional states that cause an individual distress, are self-destructive, endanger others, or impair a person's ability to function

a) the inability to distinguish right from wrong


b) behaviour that violates cultural standards


c) behaviour or emotional states that cause an individual distress, are self-destructive, endanger others, or impair a person's ability to function


d) behaviour that deviates strongly from the norm and prevents a person from functioning normally

_____ occurs when a client responds to her therapist with unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts about her parents.

a) transference

a) transference


b) exposure treatment


c) free association


d) flooding

A girl has an unreasonable fear of heights. If a therapist were to use the technique of flooding, the girl would be:

c) brought to the top of a mountain

a) required to talk about what she fears most about high places


b) made to watch a video of rock climbers


c) brought to the top of a mountain


d) asked to imagine herself hang-gliding

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the use of antipsychotic drugs?

c) they can cause severe hypertension

a) people may quit taking their medication bc of unpleasant side effects


b) they do not reduce all of the symptoms of schizophrenia


c) they can cause severe hypertertension


d) a common side effect is uncontrollable tremors

People suffering from bipolar disorder are helped by taking ______, which may produce its effects by protecting brain cells from being overstimulated by another neurotransmitter, glutamate.

d) lithium carbonate

a) an antidepressant


b) an antipsychotic drug


c) a tranquilizer


d) lithium carbonate

The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is that a major factor underlying abnormal behaviour patterns and emotional stress is:

D) What people think and how people think

A) faulty learning


B) an absence of significant goals to strive for


C) an inadequate resolution of childhood conflicts and fixations


D) what people think and how people think

Melcia's parents were surprised to learn that a ______ proved to be effective in the treatment of their daughter, even though her disorder, autism, has biological origins

a) behaviour therapy

a) behaviour therapy


b) cognitive therapy


c) psychodynamic therapy


d) family intervention therapy

An issue of concern to those treating individuals with mental disorders is whether the therapists need to "fix" the brain or the mind. At this time, the explanations and treatments that are in the ascendance are:

b) biological explanations and treatments

a) behavioural explanations and treatments


b) biological explanations and treatments


c) psychodynamic explanations and treatments


d) humanist explanations and treatments

Clients who do well in therapy, tend to:

b) have the support of their families

a) have a personal style of avoiding difficulties


b) have the support of their families


c) participate in self-help groups too


d) be in group therapy



Humanist therapists would agree that _____ is useful in treating psychological disorders.

c) unconditional positive regard

a) transference


b) free association


c) unconditional positive regard


d) flooding

A family therapist would agree that:

b) efforts to isolate and treat one member of a family alone, without the other family members, are doomed

a)the therapeutic window that is appropriate for each family member must be carefully determined


b) efforts to isolate and treat one member of a family alone, without the other family members, are doomed


c) behavioural contracts and skills training are necessary tools to heal the wounded member of a family


d) family members need to be taught to provide one another with unconditional positive regard

In client-centered therapy, the therapist's role is to:

b) listen to the client's needs in an accepting, nonjudgmental way and offer unconditional positive regard

a) help the client reach understanding and insight regarding the reason for their unhappiness and problems


b) listen to the client's needs in an accepting, nonjudgmental way and offer unconditional positive regard


c) help clients keep records of when their unwanted habits occur and of what positive consequences keep these habits continuing


d) listen attentively as clients cope with the inescapable realities of life and death, and struggle to live a meaningful life

A patient lies comfortably relaxed on a couch while verbally reporting on all of his thoughts, feelings, sensations, and other mental events. The patient is engaged in what Freud calls:

b) free association

a) resistance


b) free association


c) transference


d) dream work

Balthazar'sdepression is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on. The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute, causing his body to convulse. His treatment involves _____.

c) ECT

a) PET


b) SSRI


c) ECT


d) MAO



The most successful therapists make their clients feel:

a) respected, accepted, and understood

a) respected, accepted, and understood


b) that there are seeds of redemption in every human experience


c) optimistic that unwanted habits can be extinguished


d) that the origins of the clients' problems are external, not internal

Systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias is a type of:

c) behaviour therapy

a) psychodynamic therapy


b) cognitive therapy


c) behaviour therapy


d) humanist therapy