Psych Final

Front 1

the ________ proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

Back 1

medical model

Front 2

____ involves distinguishing one illness from another

Back 2

diagnosis

Front 3

_____ refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Back 3

etiology

Front 4

a _____ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness

Back 4

prognosis

Front 5

4 criteria of abnormal behavior

Back 5

deviance
maladaptive behavior
personal distress
continuum

Front 6

behavior that strays from what society considers acceptable

Back 6

deviance

Front 7

a behavior that is counterproductive to the individual

Back 7

maladaptive behavior

Front 8

a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

Back 8

anxiety disorders

Front 9

the _____ disorder is marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

Back 9

general anxiety disorder

Front 10

a ____ disorder is marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

Back 10

phobic

Front 11

a____disorder is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

Back 11

panic

Front 12

____ is a fear of going out to public places

Back 12

agoraphobia

Front 13

_____disorder is marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals

Back 13

obsessive-compulsive

Front 14

______ disorder involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

Back 14

post-traumatic stress

Front 15

Etiology of anxiety disorders

Back 15

biology
conditioning
cognitive

Front 16

a _____ indicates the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder

Back 16

concordance rate

Front 17

_____diseases are genuine physical ailments caused in part by psychological factors, especially emotional distress

Back 17

psychosomatic

Front 18

_____disorders are physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors

Back 18

somatoform

Front 19

a _____ disorder is marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin

Back 19

somatization

Front 20

a _____ disorder is characterized by a significant loss of physical function

Back 20

conversion

Front 21

______ is characterized by excessive preoccupation with one's health and incessant worry about developing physical illness

Back 21

hypochondriasis

Front 22

Somatoform etiology

Back 22

cognitive factors
personality factors
the sick role

Front 23

_____ disorders are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Back 23

dissociative

Front 24

_______ is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting

Back 24

dissociative amnesia

Front 25

in _______, people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity

Back 25

dissociative fugue

Front 26

____ disorder involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different personalities

Back 26

dissociative identity

Front 27

Dissociative etiology

Back 27

excessive stress
childhood abuse
role playing

Front 28

___ disorders are a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that amy spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes

Back 28

mood

Front 29

in ____ disorder, people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Back 29

major depressive

Front 30

___ disorder is marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods

Back 30

bipolar

Front 31

low levels of ____ underlie most forms of depression

Back 31

serotonin

Front 32

____ disorders encompass a class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

Back 32

schizophrenic

Front 33

____ are false beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality

Back 33

delusions

Front 34

_____ are sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus, or are gross distortions of perceptual input

Back 34

hallucinations

Front 35

____ schizophrenia is dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur

Back 35

paranoid

Front 36

____ schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

Back 36

catatonic

Front 37

in ____ schizophrenia, a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen

Back 37

disorganized

Front 38

____ schizophrenia is marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms

Back 38

undifferentiated

Front 39

excess_____ may cause schizophrenia

Back 39

dopamine

Front 40

_____disorders are abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

Back 40

culture-bound

Front 41

clinical____ and counseling____ specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems (SAME WORD)

Back 41

psychologists

Front 42

____ are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Back 42

psychiatrists

Front 43

___therapies involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior

Back 43

insight

Front 44

____ is an insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference

Back 44

psychoanalysis

Front 45

in ______, clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible

Back 45

free association

Front 46

in_____, the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams

Back 46

dream analysis

Front 47

_____ refers to largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy

Back 47

resistance

Front 48

____ occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives

Back 48

transference

Front 49

_____ therapy is an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy

Back 49

client-centered

Front 50

principal causes of neurotic anxieties is caused by _____ between a person's self-concept and reality

Back 50

incongruence

Front 51

_____ therapies involve the application of the principles of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change client's maladaptive behaviors

Back 51

behavior

Front 52

____ is a behavior therapy used to reduce clients' phobic responses

Back 52

systematic desensitization

Front 53

3 steps of systematic desensitization

Back 53

client builds anxiety hierarchy
client is trained in deep muscle relaxation
client tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus

Front 54

____ therapy uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior

Back 54

aversion

Front 55

_____ is a behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping

Back 55

social skills training

Front 56

____ therapy uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders

Back 56

cognitive

Front 57

____ therapies are physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders

Back 57

biomedical

Front 58

___ drugs reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness

Back 58

antianxiety

Front 59

____ drugs are used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions

Back 59

antipsychotic

Front 60

_____ is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet

Back 60

tardive dyskinesia

Front 61

____ drugs gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression

Back 61

antidepressant

Front 62

____ are drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders

Back 62

mood stabilizers

Front 63

____therapy is a biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions

Back 63

electroconvulsive

Front 64

____ refers to transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community based facilities that emphasize outpatient care

Back 64

deinstitutionalization

Front 65

____ is the process of forming impressions of others

Back 65

person perception

Front 66

_____ are organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people

Back 66

social schemas

Front 67

____ occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen

Back 67

illusory correlation

Front 68

___ are inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior

Back 68

attributions

Front 69

the ____ refers to observers' bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others' behavior

Back 69

fundamental attribution error

Front 70

the _____ bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Back 70

self-serving

Front 71

attitudes are made up of 3 things

Back 71

cognitive
affective
behavioral