Psych Final

Front 1

Marceline and Catherine from When the Bough Breaks had which of the following in common? a.They both had very clingy babies

b.They both tried to control what theirchildren ate, and how much

c.They both haddifficult pregnancies

Back 1

c. They both had difficult pregnancies

Front 2

Gabrielle’s mother, Novelette, had trouble: a.giving upcontrol of her child

b.not comparing Gabrielle to her son,Robert c.controlling her anger at Gabrielle’srefusal to eat

Back 2

a.giving up control of her child

Front 3

Sroufe has shown that:

a.Attachment has nothing to do with mathachievement at age 16

b.Secure attachment is associated withhigh intelligence, thus making securely attachedteens better at math than insecurely attached teens. c.Teens with a history of secureattachment do no differently in math than teenswith a history of insecure attachment.

d.Teens with ahistory of secure attachment do better in math than teens with a historyof insecure attachment, probably because they are more confident than teenswith a history of insecure attachment.

Back 3

d. Teens with a history of secure attachment do better inmath than teens with a history of insecure attachment, probablybecause they are more confidentthan teens with a history ofinsecure attachment.

Front 4

Janice is a sensitive and responsive caregiver. Sheanticipates her baby’s needs and is available and flexible. What type ofattachment is Janice’s baby likely to form?

a.insecure resistant

b. secure

c.insecure

d. avoidant

Back 4

b. secure

Front 5

Samantha takes her1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she is hopingto enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore the roomor play with the toys, even when Samantha is close by. When Samantha leaves the room to fill outsome forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains that way all the timeSamantha is gone. When she returns, Adam stays close to his mother, holding herpant leg, while making it very clear that he does not want her to touch him orpick him up. This is the type ofincident you might observe with a child and a parent who share an attachmentrelationship that Ainsworth labeled:

a.resistant

b.secure

c.avoidant

d.disorganized/disoriented

Back 5

a. resistant

Front 6

Peter, age 1, rarelycries when his mother leaves him with a baby-sitter. When his mother returns,he seems angry and refuses to let her hold him. Peter’s pattern of attachmentwould best be classified as:

A. ambivalent.

B.avoidant.

C.disorganized-disoriented.

D.secure

Back 6

B. Avoidant

Front 7

There has been more support for Kagan’stemperament hypothesis than for Ainsworth’scaregiving hypothesis.

a.the above statement is true

b.the above statement is false

Back 7

false

Front 8

The Strange Situation procedure makes good use of:

a.stranger anxiety

b. separation anxiety

c.both a and b

d.neither a nor b

Back 8

Both a and b

Front 9

Freud said that the relationship with the mother is theprototype for all subsequent relationships. a.the abovestatement is true

b.the above statement is false

Back 9

True

Front 10

Jenna believesthat she can get others to take care of her emotional needs, and trusts othersto do so. Close relationships play avery important role in her life. Thisdescribes Jenna’s___________________. a.sense of self b.internalworking model c.temperament

Back 10

b. internal working model

Front 11

"According to your textbook, which form of attachment between a caregiver and a baby seems to be the least secure?"

Back 11

Disorganized

Front 12

Emotions such as empathy and pride

Back 12

are related to the development of self-awareness

Front 13

"Roberto and his mother are at the house of a cousin whom they rarely visit. Roberto stays with his mother when they first arrive but then begins to explore his new surroundings and discovers a playroom. Even though he appears to be comfortable, he still checks back with his mother periodically and then returns to his play. What type of attachment would this reflect?"

Back 13

Secure

Front 14

"Dr. Lakivani is doing research on childhood attachment using Ainsworths Strange Situation, whereby a baby is observed in a room with "

Back 14

the mother and a stranger in different combinations

Front 15

Smiling is an important social behavior in infants because it

Back 15

is one of the ways that babies can encourage adults to respond to them.

Front 16

Ratings of infants temperament are

Back 16

often based on parents reports

Front 17

"A recent cross-cultural study of attachment in China, Colombia, Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway, and the United States found that"

Back 17

"the tendency to use the mother as a secure base is universal, although it may take somewhat varied forms."

Front 18

"Baby Eddys schedules are predictable, he adapts easily, he is pleasant, and he responds well to change. Which kind of temperament does he have?"

Back 18

easy

Front 19

The emergence of evaluative emotions takes place around the age of ___ year(s).

Back 19

3

Front 20

"The cognitive understanding by infants that they are functioning beings, separate from the rest of their world, is referred to as"

Back 20

self-awareness

Front 21

Emotions are __________ reactions to experiences that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.

Back 21

subjective

Front 22

Who devised the laboratory technique known as the Strange Situation that is commonly used to study attachment in children?

Back 22

Mary Ainsworth

Front 23

Temperament is

Back 23

ones style of approaching people and situations

Front 24

Which of the following statements regarding infant emotions is false?

Back 24

Babies demonstrate the social smile within minutes of birth.

Front 25

"Peter, age 1, rarely cries when his mother leaves him with a baby-sitter. When his mother returns, he seems angry and refuses to let her hold him. Peters pattern of attachment would best be classified as "

Back 25

Avoidant

Front 26

Which of the following has NOT been a criticism of the Strange Situation test?

Back 26

"It provides a measure of mother-infant interaction in nonstressful situations, but it sheds little light on how well mothers and infants function under stress."

Front 27

"Gretta and her mother have a reciprocal, enduring emotional tie. This emotional tie between an infant and a caregiver is called"

Back 27

attachment

Front 28

Which of the following statements about temperament is correct?

Back 28

Temperament appears to be largely determined by genetics

Front 29

The establishment of basic trust versus basic mistrust in a childs personality occurs between __________ of age.

Back 29

Birth and 18 months

Front 30

Which of the following emotions is NOT yet present in an 8-month-old infant?

Back 30

shame

Front 31

"Lucy is a quiet infant who is mild in her responses, both positive and negative. She shows a distinct dislike for new situations, but eventually adjusts and enjoys new things. Thomas and Chess would classify Lucy as a(n) __________ child."

Back 31

slow-to-warm up

Front 32

"Daniel begins crying before his mother leaves during the Strange Situation test. When she returns, he leans toward her but kicks and squirms when she picks him up. He appears to be"

Back 32

ambivalent

Front 33

"According to the New York Longitudinal Study, 40% of children exhibit a temperamental pattern described as"

Back 33

easy

Front 34

Marcella smiles and greets her mother when she returns from a shopping trip but then looks away fearfully. She also seems afraid much of the time. Marcellas attachment pattern suggests that she is

Back 34

disorganized

Front 35

Goodness of fit implies that parents should deal with problems of temperament by

Back 35

helping their child make some adaptions but essentially accepting their childs temperament.

Front 36

"According to Ainsworth, attachment forms primarily as a result of"

Back 36

consistency of responsiveness by the mother

Front 37

Which of the following was NOT used as an indicator of temperament according to the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire?

Back 37

eating habits

Front 38

"Baby Ellen is suspicious of strangers, has frequent tantrums, has an irregular pattern of waking and sleeping, and laughs and cries loudly. Which kind of temperament does she have?"

Back 38

difficult

Front 39

Which of the following statements about the temperament categories identified in the New York Longitudinal Study is correct?

Back 39

Roughly 35% of the children in the sample did not fit neatly into any of the three categories.

Front 40

Which of the following statements about infants and emotions is false?

Back 40

Infants cannot express emotions for about the first month.