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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Ossorio's definition of psychopathology?
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A person is in a pathological state when there is a significant restriction in his or her ability to engage in deliberate action and equivalently to participate in the small practices of the community
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What are two psychoanalytical explanations of a phobia?
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Displacement: really afraid of something else
-Stressful events drain energy from the ego, so phobias partially erupt |
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What is the reason for the delayed onset of phobias?
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repression->lifting of repression under stress-> repressed elements come in the form of symptoms
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What are the explanations for PTSD symptoms?
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Avoidance: avoid things that remind them of event
Anxiety: fear of repeat Reliving Events: dreams, flashbacks Emotional Numbness: nothing else matters Survivor Guilt: undeserved outcome |
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Psychoanalytical theories of OCD
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Displacement: person defends against more threatening idea by substituting less threatening one
-Repressed contents emerge as symptoms |
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Cognitive-behavioral theory of OCD
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Most people have abhhorent thoughts, most can shrug them off, some can't
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Bliss' explanation for Multiple Personality Disorder?
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A) people experience early trauma
B) copes by creating an alternative personality to deal w/ it; first “alter” very acceptable very hard to integrate; when called upon to deal w/ something that first personality can’t deal with, split off C) people gifted at autohypnosis, able to induce amnesia (block it out) D) person makes life a pattern in face of difficult situations of creating new personalities to deal w/ them |
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Diathesis-stress Model?
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A. Stress: forces from inside or outside world affecting the person
B. Diathesis: a "weak link" in the person's system C. If stress bad enough, can result is physical pathology, even if no diathesis exists |
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Worden's Four Tasks of Mourning?
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1: fully recognize the reality of the loss (vs. denial)
2: To work through the pain or grief (vs. avoid/deny 3: To adjust to an environment where deceased is missing (vs. not adjusting) 4: Emotionally relocate deceased and move on |
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Symptoms of depression
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1. Emotional : sadness, anhedonia (who cares)
2. Physiological/Behavioral 3.Cognitive: negative view of self, future, and experience 4. Lack of motivation |
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WHAT IS ELLIS' ABC DIAGRAM?
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Reality A (event) => B (interpretation) => C (reaction)
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ACCORDING TO BECK, WHAT SORTS OF FAULTY INFORMATION
PROCESSING DO DEPRESSED PERSONS USUALLY ENGAGE IN? |
Arbitrary inference: takes it as random inference
Personalization: take events not relevant to you but feel that way Selective abstraction: do generous things, still say you’re selfish Overgeneralization: over generalize Magnification doesn’t on: blowing event out of proportion Minimization: it seems to have better significance but doesn’t see it like that |
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ACCORDING TO SELIGMAN'S LEARNED HELPLESSNESS THEORY, WHAt BASICALLY CAUSES DEPRESSION?
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- Depressed people believe bad things happen in their lives, they can’t control
Them, give in to them - become passive, cant over come, unmotivated |
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ACCORDING TO SELIGMAN, WHAT IS THE "INSIDIOUS ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE?"
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Bad Events: internal, global, and stable
Positive Events: external, specific, unstable |
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ACCORDING TO PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY, WHAT CAUSES
DEPRESSION? |
Anger turned inward
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SYMPTOMS OF MANIA
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Elevated mood; not solid happiness; bursts
Grandiosity/sense of unlimited behavior potential “I can do anything!” Hyperactivity; constantly hyper Flight of ideas; monologue |
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ACCORDING TO WECHSLER, WHAT SORT OF EVENTS TRIGGER MANIC
EPISODES? |
1. Negative life events that threaten people with loss of status
2.Can't afford loss, responds with unrealistic, self-affirmation 3. When disconfirmed, manic INSISTS, becoming more unrealistic |
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SHNEIDMAN'S THEORY OF SUICIDE
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1. Common stress is frustration of psychological needs
2. common stimulus is unendurable 3. common purpse is to see a solution 4. common cognitive style is constriction 5. internal attitude is ambivalence |
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KIRSCH'S THEORY OF SUICIDE
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-Suicide as influence-
1.Person in problematic relationship 2. position in relationship is not viable, threatened with worsening 3. unable to negotiate position 4. suicide attempt is attempt to reinstate self to lost position |
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DIfferent types of schizophrenic delusions
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Influence: believes their being controlled
Grandiosity: believes their grand person Reference: events have reference to them Persecution: others are out to get them |
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Acute vs. Chronic schizophrenia
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Acute: sudden onset, positive symptoms, less than 2 years
Chronic: long and drawn out, negative symptoms, harder to treat |
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ACCORDING TO BERGNER'S THEORY, WHAT SENSE DO PARANOID DELUSIONS MAKE?
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1. Fact: paranoids project
2. Person with very low self-esteem/assigned status 3. Can't afford more status loss 4. THreatened with events that damage self esteem 5. Erects status preserving "cover story"(delusion) 6. If cover story destroyed, person falls apart 7. Implication: boost to sef-esteem should help |
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PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
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-Negative emotional states
-Negative sexual experiences -Negative views on sex -Dysfunctional Cognition |
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HOW DOES JOHN MONEY, IN HIS FAMOUS "LOVEMAP" THEORY, EXPLAIN PARAPHILIA?
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1. Lovemap: sexual blueprint/preferred scenario
2. Childhood indoctrine: sexuality and love don't go together 3. Paraphilia: Tradegy: loss of possibility of loving intercourse Triumph: rescues sexuality, but has to attach it to something other than sex 4.Defiant self-assertion |
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HOW DOES BERGNER EXPLAIN PARAPHILIA?
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1. Child not just indoctrined by degradated
2. Creates need for recovery/self-affirmation 3. Enactment of preferred scenario that represents attemped recovery --FAILS-- 4.creates addictive cycle |
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PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
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1. sense of personal specialness
2. Sense of entitlement to special treatment 3. Disregard of others 4. preoccupation with self-affirmation 5. don't let others too close |
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Kernber's narcissistic theory
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1. Narcissist has very low self-esteem
2. Esteem is a need, unable to meet own needs, narcissist must get it somewhere 3. SOlution: present self as special and secure admiration 4. Can't Love: become so desperate to get needs from others, that they can't invest in others for THEIR sake |
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Shapiro's 'short circuit" theory of anti-social personality disorder
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Resistors are defected, so there is no resistence, gets translated immediately into ACTION
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BERGNER'S THEORY EXPLAIN WHY THE IMPULSIVE PSYCHOPATH BEHAVES AS S/HE DOES?
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-Circuits not broke, what's differenc is the world the psycopath lives in
-Have reasons to be antisocial, and lack reason to restrain selves -CAN be prosocial in parts of their world |
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Characteristics of Bulimia?
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1. Reccurent patterns of binge eating
2.Lack of control feelings 3. Regular purge activity 4. Minimum of 2 episodes ranging for 3 months 5. Chronic concern with body weight/shape |
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Common pattern of Parenting in bulimia
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1. Prior Perspective: parents disregard of child's natural inclinations and have a prescription for who they think child should be...
-Overcontrolling -Extreme concern with looking good in eyes of public |
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Marshall's theory for bulimia
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- Child adopts parental attitudes to self..do things whether its of interest to them or not
-Person rebels against self-governance by BINGEING -Recoils from binge by purging and reinstating strict controls -Becomes a CYCLE |
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What difference does self esteem make?
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-It determines your sense of eligibility for valued forms of life participation (love and work)
-Affects emotional state -Vulnerability to others’ negative criticisms (if criticized you think “that’s true”) -Could steer your life towards NOT displeasing others which is not a natural path -Tendency not to believe positive input |
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What is the job of the critic?
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-Observe: are things going okay?
-If yes, appreciate and leave it alone -If no: diagnose in usable terms and prescribe based on diagnosis (i.e. “ Here is what you’re doing wrong, and here is how to do it right”) Much more beneficial |
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What are common ways people create low self-esteem
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-Private self-degradation: brand self with a destructive label (i.e. “I’m a nothing)
-Perfectionism: anything less than a 10 is a 0. ..setting yourself up for continuous failure The “Hanging Judge”: difficult to change label for yourself…punishment doesn’t always fit the crime; leads to depression |
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What is therapy for low self-esteem?
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-Get client to see what he’s doing as critic of self: identify their thinking
-Get client to “own” critic behaviors: has to control and take them off auto-pilot -Establish what client is trying to accomplish with self-criticism (i.e. self-improvement) |
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What are alternative ideas and behaviors the therapist tries to present for low self-esteem?
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-Present perfection as ideal or “guide-star” (instead of standard of adequacy)…don’t have to change standards, just rethink what it is
-Utilize existing skills, knowledge and apply to self -Take daily record of dysfunctional thoughts -Practice alternative, more constructive ways to criticize self. |
