Psych Exam 5

Front 1

Medical Student Syndrome

Back 1

Students can come to believe they have all of the disorders they are introduced to because the symptoms overlap with experiences that are universal to the human condition.

Front 2

"Insanity" is what kind of term? It is NOT what kind of term?

Back 2

It is a legal term. It is not a clinical term.

Front 3

Mental Illness

Back 3

Any behavior or emotional state that causes an individual great suffering, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, or makes a person unable to control the impulse to endanger others.

Front 4

Projective Tests

Back 4

Psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli.

Front 5

Objective Tests

Back 5

Standardized questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves.

Front 6

Psychosocial Assessment

Back 6

A comprehensive document which looks at the client as a whole person (not as a set of symptoms) and holistically combines the spiritual, emotional, physical, mental, behavioral, and social dimensions.

Front 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Back 7

Provides descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. It enables clinicians and researchers to agree on which disorders they are talking about so they can study and treat them.

Front 8

Major Depressive Disorder

Back 8

Mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interest in usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and appetite changes).

Front 9

DSM-5 criteria: Major Depression

Back 9

1.) Depressed mood 2.) Anhedonia 3.) Significant weight loss or gain or a change in appetite 4.) Insomnia or hypersomnia 5.) Psychomotor agitation or retardation 6.) Fatigue or loss of energy 7.) Feelings of worthless or inappropriate guilt 8.) Diminished concentration or indecisiveness 9.) Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

Front 10

Vulnerability-Stress Model

Back 10

A biological or genetic vulnerability or predisposition (diathesis) interacts with the environment and life events (stressors) to trigger specific psychological disorders.

Front 11

Bipolar I disorder

Back 11

A mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania occur. Symptoms must last at least 1 week.

Front 12

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders

Back 12

Disorders in which there are distorted perceptions and irrational behavior.

Front 13

Schizophrenia

Back 13

A psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, and cognitive impairments. Many schizophrenics are heavier smokers.

Front 14

DSM-5 Diagnosis for schizophrenia

Back 14

Two (or more) of the following must occur during a 1 month period. 1) Delusions 2) Hallucinations 3) Disorganized speech 4) Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5) Negative symptoms (i.e. affect flattening, a logia, or avolition)

Front 15

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 15

A continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension. (At least 6 months before diagnosis).

Front 16

Panic Disorder

Back 16

An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by symptoms such as rapid east rate and dizziness.

Front 17

Phobia

Back 17

An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object.

Front 18

Agoraphobia

Back 18

A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being awe from a safe place or person.

Front 19

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Back 19

An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal.

Front 20

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Back 20

An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety.

Front 21

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Back 21

Disorder marked by the appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits; formerly known as multiple personality disorder.

Front 22

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 22

A procedure which causes a brief brain seizure and is used in cases of prolonged and severe depression.

Front 23

Behavior Therapy

Back 23

Applies principles of classical conditioning and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors.

Front 24

Graduated exposure

Back 24

Used for treating fears and panic. A method in which a person is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides.

Front 25

Flooding

Back 25

Throwing a patient into a situation by exposing them to the feared subject all at once.

Front 26

Systematic Desensitization

Back 26

A step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience. Based on counter-conditioning.

Front 27

Behavioral self-monitoring

Back 27

A method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behavior to be changed.

Front 28

Skills training

Back 28

Teaching the client new skills that he or she may lack, as well as new constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones.

Front 29

Cognitive Therapy

Back 29

A form of therapy deigned to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, reduce negative emotions and mood disorder.

Front 30

Client-Centered Therapy

Back 30

CARL ROGERS. Based on humanist philosophy. People are basically good, they develop problems when they deny their true selves. Focuses on "here and now," not "there and then." Builds self-esteem, helps client to see their problems in a more productive way. Driven by three concepts: empathy, congruence, unconditional positive regard.

Front 31

Prochaska and DiClemente's Six Stages of Change

Back 31

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Determination/Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Relapse

Front 32

Precontemplation

Back 32

Not considering change; often forced into treatment by others; may demonstrate change as long as pressure is on

Front 33

Contemplation

Back 33

Beginning to consider there is a problem; seriously considering change; this stage is marked by ambivalence

Front 34

Determination/Preparation

Back 34

A decision is made to take action and change; pros/cons of changing have been weighed--change wins

Front 35

Action

Back 35

Behavior is being modified; lasts 4-6 months

Front 36

Maintenance

Back 36

Stage of sustained change; incorporating positive changes along the way

Front 37

Relapse

Back 37

The individual fails to sustain changes; must go through change process again, but it can take less time than the first attempt.

Front 38

Commonly-prescribed drugs for mental disorders

Back 38

Antipsychotic drugs; antidepressant drugs; anti-anxiety drugs; lithium carbonate

Front 39

Cautions about drug treatments

Back 39

The placebo effect; relapse and dropout rates; unknown risks over time and drug interactions; untested off-label uses

Front 40

Panic Attack

Back 40

Characterized by trembling, dizziness, chest pain, rapid heart rate, sweating, and a fear of dying or losing control.

Front 41

Delusions of Grandeur

Back 41

Involve an exaggerated view of one's own importance, such as believing you are Michael Jackson's close friend or believing you can sing as well as Billy Joel

Front 42

Catatonic Stupor

Back 42

Complete withdrawal; sitting for hours without moving

Front 43

Rorschach test

Back 43

Inkblot picture shown to patients to supposedly determine their mental state; projective test

Front 44

Beck Depression Inventory

Back 44

Objective test used to assess whether or not someone has depression

Front 45

Panic Disorder

Back 45

Recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, along with physiological arousal

Front 46

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 46

Person feels trapped in persistent thoughts and ritualized behaviors designed to reduce anxiety

Front 47

Carl Rogers

Back 47

Pioneered client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the therapist's empathy with the client and the use of unconditional positive regard

Front 48

Tardive Dyskinesia

Back 48

Neurological disorder caused by antipsychotic drugs; characterized by muscle rigidity, hand tremors, and other involuntary muscle movements

Front 49

Albert Ellis

Back 49

Devised a cognitive therapy technique in which therapists use rational arguments to directly challenge a client's irrational thoughts and unrealistic beliefs and expectations

Front 50

Humanist therapy

Back 50

Used by therapists who want to know how clients subjectively see their own situations and how they construe the world around them; emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of the human potential

Front 51

Therapeutic alliance

Back 51

Most important factor contributing to success in therapy.