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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is Thomas Szasz famous for?
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arguing that "mental illness is a myth" and that mental disorders are nothing more than conditions society does not like
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5 criteria for what a mental disorder is...
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1. statistical rarity 2. subjective distress 3. impairment 4. societal disapproval 5. biological disfunction
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who created the moral treatment approach and what did it change in asylums?
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Phillippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix
treated patients with dignity and respect and gave them more freedoms in the asylums, like to walk around and talk to others |
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what are the 4 misconceptions about psych classification?
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1. psych diagnosis is just sorting people into different "boxes" 2. diagnosis is unreliable 3. diagnosis are invalid 4. diagnosis stigmatize people
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DSM
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diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders- diagnostic system containing the American Psych Assoc criteria for mental disorders
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how many different classes of disorders are there according to the DSM?
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17
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what are the criteria for diagnosing a person with major depression?
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must exhibit at least 5 of the 9 symptoms including 1 of the first 2 over a two week period
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axis
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dimension of functioning
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prevalence
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percent of people within a population who has a specific mental disorder
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comorbidity
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co-occurrence of 2 or more diagnoses within the same person
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categorical model
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model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather that in degree
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dimensional model
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model where a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind
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which model is a downfall of the DSM-IV and why? categorical or dimensional?
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it relies to much on categorical because it tends to say a mental disorder is either present or absent, no in between
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involuntary commitment
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putting someone with mental illness in a psych hospital based on their potential danger to themselves or others
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somatoform disorder
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condition marked by a physical symptom that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin
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what percent of people will meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder sometime in their life?
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29%
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GAD
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generalized anxiety disorder- continual feeling of worry, anxiety, tension etc across many areas of life functioning
(3% of population have this) |
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agoraphobia
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fear of being in a place of situation from which escape is difficult of embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack
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specific phobia
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intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat
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social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
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marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation seems likely
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obsession
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persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing stress
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compulsion
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repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress
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major depressive disorder
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-lingering depressed mood/ diminished interest in fun
- weight loss - sleep difficulties |
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manic episode
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-inflated self esteem
-no need for sleep -excessive involvement in pleasurable activities |
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bipolar disorder 1
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presence of 1 or more manic episodes
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dysthymic disorder
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low-level depression of at least 2 years
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hypomanic disorder
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less intense manic episode
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bipolar disorder 2
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patients must experience at least 1 major depressive episode and 1 hypomanic episode
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cyclothymic disorder
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cycles of numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
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cognitive model of depression, who created it?
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theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations
Aaron Beck |
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learned helplessness
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tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control
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who experimented on learned helplessness?
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Martin Seligman (and Bruce Overmier)
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formerly called manic depressive disorder, condition with manic episodes
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bipolar disorder
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which is the most genetically influenced of all mental disorders?
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bipolar disorder
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2 highest risk of suicide disorders?
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depression and bipolar disorder
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suicide takes what number leading cause of death in the united states?
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11th leading cause of death (3rd in children and young adults)
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about how many people commit suicide in the US every year?
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30,000
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5 big myths about suicide
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1. talking to persons with depression about it makes them more likely to do it 2. suicide is almost always done without warning 3. as depression lifts, suicide risk decreases 4. most people who threaten are seeking attention 5. people who talk a lot almost never commit
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personality disorder
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condition in which personality traits, appearing as a child, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairment
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borderline personality disorder
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condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control
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psychopathic personality
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condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness and risk taking
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antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
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condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions
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dissociative disorder
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condition involving disruptions in the consciousness, memory, identity or perception
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what is known as the "cancer" of mental illnesses?
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schizophrenia, bc it is the most severe and mysterious
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delusions
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strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality
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hallucination
and what is the most common type? |
sensory perception that occur in the absence of an external stimulus
command hallucinations, auditory hallucination telling a person what to do |
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catatonic symptoms
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motor problems: extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body is bizarre positions, curling up in the fetal position
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autism
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-deficits in language
-social bonding - imagination - mild mental retardation |
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called the common cold of psychological disorders
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depression
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one of the most controversial challenges in diagnosing ADHD in children is distinguishing it from....
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early-onset bipolar disorder
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T/F a symptom typical of an individual with a schizoid personality disorder is detachment from social relationships?
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trueeeeee
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what idea of mental disorders is the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia built on?
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they are a product of genetic vulnerability combined with stressors that trigger the vulnerability
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the medical model
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regards mental illness primarily as a physical disorder requiring medical treatment
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theorist who proposed that depression should be seen as a social disorder bc they seek excessive reassurance which causes other people to reject them.. ?
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Freud
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according to Seligman there are striking parallels between learned helplessness and _____ symptoms
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depressive
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According to Freud, the goal of psychoanalysis is to __________ by bringing to awareness previously repressed impulses, conflicts, and memories
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decrease guilt and frustration
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how many patients appear to actually become worse following psychotherapy?
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5 to 10 %
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empathy
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therapist who can regard the world as the patient views it
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Dean’s therapist employed the two-chair technique to help him integrate the “party boy” and “mama’s boy” aspects of his personality. This technique is a hallmark of _______ therapy
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Gestalt
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Bob is about to undergo vagus nerve stimulation to treat his severe depression. Where will the surgeon implant the stimulator device?
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near his breastbone
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Vagus nerve stimulation is primarily used to treat what?
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severe depression
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interpersonal therapy has been successful in treating what?
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depression
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what has led to a recent decrease in the prescribing of antidepressants?
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FDA warnings about side effects
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the two-chair technique is used by ____ therapists
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Gestalt
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tardive dyskinesia
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involuntary movements
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medication is effected by the 3 following differences between people
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weight, age, and race
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paraprofessionals
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person with no professional training who provides mental health services
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T/F the type of psychotherapy you pick is more important than the therapist
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false- the choice of therapist is every bit as important as the type of therapy
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psychodynamic therapy
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treatments inspired by the classical psychoanalysis and influenced by Freud's techniques
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insight therapies
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psychotherapies, including psychodynamics, humanistic and group approaches with the goal of expanding awareness and insight
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what are the 6 primary approaches psychoanalytic therapists use to fill Freud's goal of psychoanalysis
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1. free association 2. interpretation 3. dream analysis 4. resistance 5. transference 6. working through
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free association
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technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any kind
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interpersonal therapy (IPT)
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treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions
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advantages of group therapy
cautions of group therapy |
social support, cost effective, practice with social skills
some people need individual sessions, embarrassment, |
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dodo bird verdict
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some researchers believe that all treatments are equal and effective
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spontaneous remission
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unrelated to therapy
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placebo effect
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"im receiving treatment therefore i should be feelings better"
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self-serving biases
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convince themselves they've been helped, invested time and money so I must be getting better
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regression to the mean
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extreme scores become less extreme on re-testing
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retrospective rewriting of the past
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adjusting pretreatment memories
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systematic desensitization
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clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner
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anti-anxiety medications treat what (3)
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alcohol detox, depression, control blood pressure
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antidepressants treat what (4)
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panic disorders, pain relief, eating disorders, OCD
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mood stabilizers treat what (1)
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bipolar disorder
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antipsychotics treat what (1)
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tourette syndrome
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure to treat serious psych problems
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