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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LANGUAGE |
The system of symbols that convey meaning; used to communicate |
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PHONEMES |
Most basic unit of sound that can be distinguished 2 types: vowel kind ________ consonant kind _______ |
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MORPHEMES |
Most basic unit of language |
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GRAMMAR |
A system of rules that organizes components of language & how they can be combined so it can be understood through meaningful messages
Tanny - the head administrator |
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SYNTACTICAL RULES |
Rule concerning the combinations and ordering of words in order to make phrases and sentences
Linnie - enforces rules, gives instructions at orientation |
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GLEASON STUDY |
Language rules generative |
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OVER-REGULARIZATIONS |
Using basic grammar rules & applying them to the "exception" cases ex. He goed to the store |
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LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY |
Language determines the way in which one thinks ex. Russians and their blues |
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE |
In-born ability to acquire language skills Hardwired to differentiate 20-80 phonemes Disappear at 12 months |
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SURFACE STRUCTURE |
Actual words used in language (Chomsky says this is the only difference among languages) |
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DEEP STRUCTURE |
Underlying meanings of words used in language |
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EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE |
Ability to produce language |
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RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE |
Ability to comprehend language (children have greater capacity for this) |
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STAGES IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT |
Crying - hungry cry, diaper cry Cooing - vowel sounds Babbling - dada baba First Words - said word denotes meaning Holophase - one word represents a whole class ex. doggie = all animals Telegraphic Talking - content of words make up sentences (apple table give me) |
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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION |
Using other cues to communicate: intonation, gestures, body language |
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VOCAL INTONATION |
Inflections, changes in pitch or tone |
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BODY LANGUAGE |
crossing arms, eye rolling, feet pointing toward people |
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GESTURES |
Gesticulations, facials |
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BILINGUALISM |
Adopting another language in addition to native one; some theorize the 2nd language interferes with 1st Best learned if acquired during "sensitive period" |
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LEARNING THEORY AND LANGUAGE |
Learning a language based on exposure to languages, modeling, reinforcement, repetitions, observations and imitations - BEHAVIORIST THEORY
Flaws - kids imitate adults w/ poopy lingual skills anyway kids acquire language w/o much variation kids' speech is not mechanical |
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NATIVIST THEORY OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT |
Ability to possess language skills is a born ability |
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INTERACTIONIST THEORY OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT |
Ability to possess language skills is a combination of nature and nurture (biology + experience) Environment makes important contributions to language development |
