Psych Exam #1

Front 1

Evolutionary psych

Back 1

A field aimed at revealing how to traits we inherit from ancestors control our thoughts and behaviours

Front 2

Intrasexual selection

Back 2

Males compete for mates, evolved traits to be better at competing.

Front 3

Intersexyal selection

Back 3

Females wanting males to have best appearance- too see a show or nice nest ie. Male peacocks nice feathers

Front 4

Nervous system

Back 4

Neurons, cell body

Front 5

Nucleus soma

Back 5

Receives messages from dendrites that come from other neurons

Front 6

Axon

Back 6

Neurotransmitters- interact with dendrites and other neurons

Front 7

Sensory neurons

Back 7

Send messages to brain

Front 8

Motor neuron

Back 8

Sends messages from brain to limbs to muscles

Front 9

Glial cells

Back 9

Maintenance activity, coats neurons designed for sending rapid messages to brain- white coating

Front 10

Myelin

Back 10

Acts to insulate axons

Front 11

Electro static gradient

Back 11

The inside and outside of the neuron have different charges

Front 12

Concentration gradient

Back 12

These are different types of ions dominating the inside vs outside on neuron

Front 13

Neural firing

Back 13

Resting potentia > positively charged ions rush into the cell during an action potential > after nerve fired the positive charged ion are pumped back out of the cell

Front 14

Hyperpolarization

Back 14

Cell is more negatively charge than before action potential

Front 15

Refractory period

Back 15

Neuron is briefly unable to fire

Front 16

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Back 16

Decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be less negative

Front 17

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Back 17

Decrease the chance that the postsynaptic neuron will fire by causing the charge inside the neuron to be more negative

Front 18

All or None principal

Back 18

A neuron either generates an action potential or doesn't generate one but the magnitude of the action potential is the same everytime

Front 19

Common neurotransmitters

Back 19

Glutamate, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), Acetycholine

Front 20

CNS - Central nervous system

Back 20

Brain, spinal peripheral nervous system- ganglion.

Front 21

Somatic Nervous system

Back 21

Consists of nerves that control the muscles and others that receive signals from sensory organs

Front 22

Autonomic Nervous system

Back 22

Consists of sympathetic nervous system and papsympathetic nervous system

Front 23

Sympathetic Nervous system

Back 23

Generates heightened arousal to prepare the body to respond to threats

Front 24

Parasympathetic nervous system

Back 24

Maintains balance in body systems when there is no need to respond to a threat and suppresses arousal response after a state of heightened arousal

Front 25

The Hindbrain

Back 25

Mid brain, pons, cerebellum, medulla spinal cord

Front 26

Medula

Back 26

Regulates breathing heart rate sneezing salivating vomiting

Front 27

Pons

Back 27

Contributes to our sleeping and waking cycle controls balance eye movement swallowing

Front 28

Reticular activating system

Back 28

Projects into mid brain important for alertness contributes to waking and sleep cycle

Front 29

Cerebellum

Back 29

important for coordinating movements< maintaining balance and influences attention and emotional responses

Front 30

The Mindbrain

Back 30

above hindbrain serves as transmission point. superior colliculi, inferior cociculi, tectum

Front 31

Superior Colliculus

Back 31

Controls our orienting response to the sudden presence of a visual stimuli

Front 32

Inferior Colliculum

Back 32

Responsible for orienting attention to te fourth ventricle

Front 33

The Forebrain

Back 33

Lateral ventricle, cerebral aquaduct third ventricle fourth ventricle

Front 34

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 34

performs important waste removal and nutrient providing functions

Front 35

basal ganglia

Back 35

responsible for engaging in planned physical movements, learing motor skills, integrating sensory info.

Front 36

corprolalia

Back 36

type of tourettes syndrome - shouting of offensive words - very rare

Front 37

The Nucleus Accembens

Back 37

works with the basil ganglia to generate "oh yeah!" pleasure experience

Front 38

Amygdala

Back 38

controls the creation of memory for emotional experiences and processing emotional context of stimuli

Front 39

Hippocampus

Back 39

Key structure for creating new memories. Damage to this structure can cause catastrophic amnesia

Front 40

Hypothalamus

Back 40

Regulates body temperature and help coordinate biological drives such as sex and agression by controlling the release of hormones by the pituitary gland.

Front 41

Thalamus

Back 41

Relay station for recieving and transmitting sensory info from eyes, ears skin and tongue to higher brain areas

Front 42

The Cerebral Cortex

Back 42

4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

Front 43

Occipital Lobes

Back 43

Devoted to early processing of visual info with direct connection from the regions of the thalamus that relay inputs from the eyes to our brain. Aka Primary visual cortex

Front 44

Parietal Lobes

Back 44

Recieve info about the visual world from the occipital lobes and use it to provide us with info for visually-guided actions. Also contains somatosensory cortex, which controls sense of touch

Front 45

Temporal Lobes

Back 45

Receive inputs from occipital cortex and use them to provide info about the identity and meaning of visual stimuli, contains the area for early processing of auditory info

Front 46

Primary Auditory Cortex

Back 46

Cause hearing impairment- cortical deafness. Front part of lobes essential for accessing general knowledge about the world

Front 47

Wernickes area

Back 47

Controls speech comprehension

Front 48

Brocas area

Back 48

INvolved in articulating spoken words

Front 49

Frontal Lobes

Back 49

Executive control center of brain. Ability to make plans, initiate action, creative problem solving, language production host personality controls emotions in innapropriate context

Front 50

Primary motor cortex

Back 50

controls voluntary movements

Front 51

Corpus Callosum

Back 51

thick tissue between hemispheres

Front 52

Neuroplacisity

Back 52

brains capacity to change its structure as a consequence of experience and learning

Front 53

Lesioning

Back 53

causing brain damage in non humans then measuring what effect it has on their behavious

Front 54

Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Back 54

Directing a magnetic pulse to an area of a persons brain and seeing what effect that has on their mental function

Front 55

Structural Neuroimaging

Back 55

NOn-invasive technologies that provide information about the state of brain structure

Front 56

Computerized Tomography (CT scan)

Back 56

A set of X rays are taken of the brain by rotating a tube around a persons head

Front 57

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Back 57

A machine generates a magnetic field that brings hydrogen molecules in our brain into alignment. Radia waves are sent through the skull to disrupt this alignment

Front 58

Disruption Tensor Imaging (EEG)

Back 58

Involves attatching electrodes to a persons scalp and measuring the electrical activity generated by neurons sending messages to one another

Front 59

Event- related potentials (ERPs)

Back 59

EEG recordings that follow presentations of a stimuli

Front 60

Magneroencephalography (MEG)

Back 60

Provides a measure of the magnetic fields generated from neural activity

Front 61

POsiton Emission Tomography (PET)

Back 61

INvolves injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream and then later using a scan to detect which part of the brain contain more of the substance

Front 62

Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (FMRI)

Back 62

Involves placing a persons head in a magnetic field and scanning for changes in consumption of oxygen by different parts of the brain.