Psych Exam 1

Front 1

Hindsight bias and overconfidence often lead us to overestimate
A) random sampling.
B) wording effects.
C) the placebo effect.
D) our intuition.

Back 1

D) our intuition.

Front 2

The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by
A) unconscious conflicts.
B) subjective interpretations.
C) environmental circumstances.
D) blood chemistry.

Back 2

D) blood chemistry.

Front 3

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of
A) the placebo effect.
B) hindsight bias.
C) replication.
D) generalizing from vivid cases.

Back 3

D) generalizing from vivid cases.

Front 4

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable
A) correlations.
B) assumptions.
C) predictions.
D) variables.

Back 4

C) predictions.

Front 5

Behaviorists dismissed the value of
A) introspection.
B) spaced practice.
C) replication.
D) science.

Back 5

A) introspection.

Front 6

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.
A) standardized
B) baseline
C) experimental
D) control

Back 6

C) experimental

Front 7

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as
A) Watson is to Skinner.
B) Skinner is to Watson.
C) Plato is to Aristotle.
D) Aristotle is to Plato.

Back 7

C) Plato is to Aristotle.

Front 8

Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support “welfare” than “aid to the needy.” These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of
A) random sampling.
B) the placebo effect.
C) wording effects.
D) naturalistic observation.

Back 8

C) wording effects.

Front 9

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two variables
A) are dependent variables.
B) are random samples.
C) vary together.
D) influence each other.

Back 9

C) vary together.

Front 10

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that
A) intelligence is inherited.
B) more intelligent parents provide their children with greater educational opportunities than do less intelligent parents.
C) all of these statements are correct.
D) the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.

Back 10

D) the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.

Front 11

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that
A) physical attractiveness has no causal influence on dating frequency.
B) more frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.
C) less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.
D) it is impossible to predict levels of physical attractiveness based on knowledge of dating frequency.

Back 11

C) less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.

Front 12

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as
A) the case study.
B) the survey.
C) experimentation.
D) naturalistic observation.

Back 12

D) naturalistic observation.

Front 13

Psychologists study animals because
A) animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior.
B) experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical.
C) the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines.
D) similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior.

Back 13

D) similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior.

Front 14

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned
A) to the group in which participants are representative of people in general.
B) to that group by chance.
C) in a fashion that ensures that the independent variable will have a strong effect on the dependent variable.
D) to the group in which participants are all very similar in personality characteristics.

Back 14

B) to that group by chance.

Front 15

An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a
A) placebo.
B) case study.
C) replication.
D) median.

Back 15

A) placebo

Front 16

John Watson is to Wilhelm Wundt as ________ is to ________.
A) cognitive perspective; psychoanalytic perspective
B) observable behavior; inner sensations
C) mental illness; psychiatry
D) biology; environment

Back 16

B) observable behavior; inner sensations

Front 17

The perception that seemingly infertile couples who adopt a child are subsequently more likely to conceive a child themselves best illustrates
A) an illusory correlation.
B) the placebo effect.
C) random assignment.
D) the process of replication.

Back 17

) an illusory correlation.

Front 18

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?
A) social-cultural
B) behavior genetics
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Back 18

B) behavior genetics

Front 19

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
A) overconfidence.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) illusory correlation.
D) random assignment.

Back 19

A) overconfidence.

Front 20

Psychological differences between the genders are
A) no longer evident in contemporary Western societies.
B) of little interest to contemporary psychologists.
C) far outweighed by gender similarities.
D) simply reflections of biological differences between the sexes.

Back 20

C) far outweighed by gender similarities.

Front 21

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
A) social-cultural
B) behavior genetics
C) neuroscience
D) evolutionary

Back 21

A) social-cultural

Front 22

Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
A) animal intelligence.
B) personality development.
C) learning and memory.
D) reactions to sensory stimulation.

Back 22

D) reactions to sensory stimulation.

Front 23

Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
A) cognitive neuroscience.
B) introspection.
C) humanism.
D) behaviorism.

Back 23

B) introspection.

Front 24

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
A) thought processes and brain functions.
B) natural selection and genetic predispositions.
C) childhood memories and psychological disorders.
D) philosophy and physiology.

Back 24

A) thought processes and brain functions.

Front 25

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between
A) self-esteem and depression.
B) intelligence and academic success.
C) financial poverty and physical health.
D) school grades and school absences.

Back 25

B) intelligence and academic success.

Front 26

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
A) behavior genetics
B) neuroscience
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Back 26

B) neuroscience

Front 27

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
A) behavior genetics
B) neuroscience
C) behavioral
D) evolutionary

Back 27

C) behavioral

Front 28

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a
A) social psychologist.
B) developmental psychologist.
C) psychiatrist.
D) clinical psychologist.

Back 28

C) psychiatrist.

Front 29

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian
A) theologian.
B) chemist.
C) physician.
D) politician.

Back 29

C) physician.

Front 30

Random assignment minimizes ________ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes ________ between a sample and a population.
A) similarities; similarities
B) differences; similarities
C) differences; differences
D) similarities; differences

Back 30

C) differences; differences

Front 31

Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness?
A) naturalistic observation
B) the experiment
C) the case study
D) the survey

Back 31

B) the experiment

Front 32

Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?
A) random sampling
B) the double-blind procedure
C) replication
D) naturalistic observation

Back 32

C) replication

Front 33

33.
On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy
A) defies the laws of statistical probability.
B) illustrates the phenomenon of illusory correlation.
C) is inconsistent with the placebo effect.
D) is a random and coincidental occurrence.

Back 33

D) is a random and coincidental occurrence.

Front 34

Any factor such as infant nutrition which can vary in its quality or quantity is called a
A) coefficient.
B) median.
C) variable.
D) sample.

Back 34

C) variable.

Front 35

The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their
A) operational definition.
B) population.
C) wording effects.
D) culture.

Back 35

D) culture.

Front 36

A statement describing how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n)
A) operational definition.
B) control condition.
C) replication.
D) hypothesis.

Back 36

A) operational definition.

Front 37

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research?
A) social psychologists
B) developmental psychologists
C) biological psychologists
D) industrial-organizational psychologists

Back 37

D) industrial-organizational psychologists

Front 38

In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety would be the ________ variable.
A) correlational
B) experimental
C) dependent
D) independent

Back 38

D) independent

Front 39

A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates
A) critical thinking.
B) overconfidence.
C) replication.
D) hindsight bias.

Back 39

A) critical thinking.

Front 40

Clinical psychologists specialize in
A) providing drugs to treat behavioral disorders.
B) constructing surveys.
C) animal research.
D) providing therapy to troubled people.

Back 40

D) providing therapy to troubled people.

Front 41

A biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship between
A) neurotransmitters and depression.
B) genetics and eye color.
C) bone density and body size.
D) self-esteem and popularity.

Back 41

A) neurotransmitters and depression.

Front 42

Which division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations?
A) the limbic system.
B) the somatic nervous system.
C) the central nervous system.
D) the sympathetic nervous system

Back 42

D) the sympathetic nervous system

Front 43

A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers
A) more neurons to fire, and to fire more often.
B) the release of endorphins.
C) more intense neural impulses.
D) the release of serotonin.

Back 43

A) more neurons to fire, and to fire more often.

Front 44

Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as
A) acetylcholine.
B) insulin.
C) dopamine.
D) epinephrine.

Back 44

A) acetylcholine.

Front 45

Sensory neurons are located in the
A) reticular formation.
B) peripheral nervous system.
C) sensory cortex.
D) thalamus.

Back 45

B) peripheral nervous system.

Front 46

An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system.
A) autonomic; somatic
B) somatic; autonomic
C) parasympathetic; sympathetic
D) sympathetic; parasympathetic

Back 46

D) sympathetic; parasympathetic

Front 47

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)
A) MRI.
B) synapse.
C) lesion.
D) EEG.

Back 47

C) lesion.

Front 48

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.
A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) peripheral
D) autonomic

Back 48

C) peripheral

Front 49

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of
A) interneurons.
B) endorphins.
C) neural networks.
D) hormones.

Back 49

C) neural networks.

Front 50

The reticular formation is located in the
A) brainstem.
B) limbic system.
C) cerebellum.
D) sensory cortex.

Back 50

A) brainstem.

Front 51

Addictive disorders are likely to be associated with reward centers in the
A) reticular formation.
B) limbic system.
C) thalamus.
D) cerebellum.

Back 51

B) limbic system.

Front 52

A drug that mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n)
A) agonist.
B) steroid.
C) action potential.
D) opiate.

Back 52

A) agonist.

Front 53

A synapse is a(n)
A) neural “cable” containing many axons.
B) chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions.
C) automatic response to sensory input.
D) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.

Back 53

) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.

Front 54

The part of the central nervous system that carries information from your senses to your brain and motor-control information to your body parts is the
A) pituitary gland.
B) pancreas.
C) reticular formation.
D) spinal cord.

Back 54

D) spinal cord.

Front 55

The longest part of a neuron carrying messages to a leg muscle is likely to be the
A) cell body.
B) dendrite.
C) axon.
D) synapse.

Back 55

C) axon.

Front 56

The parasympathetic nervous system
A) stimulates digestion and slows heartbeat.
B) inhibits digestion and slows heartbeat.
C) inhibits digestion and accelerates heartbeat.
D) stimulates digestion and accelerates heartbeat.

Back 56

A) stimulates digestion and slows heartbeat.

Front 57

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is
A) limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem.
B) brainstem, cerebral cortex, limbic system.
C) brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex.
D) limbic system, brainstem, cerebral cortex.

Back 57

C) brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex.

Front 58

The “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the
A) cerebellum.
B) corpus callosum.
C) reticular formation.
D) limbic system.

Back 58

A) cerebellum.

Front 59

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the
A) endocrine system.
B) reticular formation.
C) limbic system.
D) autonomic nervous system.

Back 59

A) endocrine system.

Front 60

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
A) cerebellum
B) amygdala
C) medulla
D) thalamus

Back 60

D) thalamus

Front 61

If your ________ is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand.
A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) brainstem
D) corpus callosum

Back 61

C) brainstem

Front 62

To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked, neuroscientists gave her a temporarily radioactive form of glucose and a(n)
A) EEG.
B) PET scan.
C) MRI scan.
D) hemispherectomy.

Back 62

C) MRI scan.

Front 63

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream.
A) epinephrine
B) endorphins
C) insulin
D) acetylcholine

Back 63

A) epinephrine

Front 64

A neural system at the border of the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the
A) peripheral nervous system.
B) limbic system.
C) sensory cortex.
D) reticular formation.

Back 64

B) limbic system.

Front 65

The function of dendrites is to
A) control pain through the release of opiatelike chemicals into the brain.
B) receive incoming signals from other neurons.
C) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons.
D) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Back 65

B) receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Front 66

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs is called the
A) autonomic nervous system.
B) limbic system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) reticular formation.

Back 66

A) autonomic nervous system.

Front 67

In a tragic diving accident, Andrew damaged his spinal cord. As a result, his legs were paralyzed. Andrew's injury was located in his
A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) limbic system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) central nervous system.

Back 67

D) central nervous system.

Front 68

Neurotransmitters are released from the knoblike terminals at the end of the
A) dendrites.
B) cell body.
C) axon.
D) myelin sheath.

Back 68

C) axon.

Front 69

At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the
A) thyroid.
B) pancreas.
C) adrenal gland.
D) pituitary gland.

Back 69

D) pituitary gland.

Front 70

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's
A) cerebellum.
B) reticular formation.
C) amygdala.
D) medulla.

Back 70

C) amygdala.

Front 71

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
A) Parkinson's disease.
B) depression.
C) schizophrenia.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Back 71

B) depression.

Front 72

Information travels through axons that are bundled into the “cables” that we call
A) association areas.
B) action potentials.
C) interneurons.
D) nerves.

Back 72

B) action potentials.

Front 73

Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ________ nervous system.
A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) peripheral
D) autonomic

Back 73

C) peripheral

Front 74

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
A) hypothalamus.
B) reticular formation.
C) amygdala.
D) cerebellum.

Back 74

A) hypothalamus.

Front 75

Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
A) dopamine.
B) endorphins.
C) serotonin.
D) epinephrine.

Back 75

B) endorphins.

Front 76

The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
A) synapse.
B) action potential.
C) reflex.
D) threshold

Back 76

D) threshold

Front 77

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into
A) the limbic system.
B) synaptic gaps.
C) the bloodstream.
D) sensory neurons.

Back 77

C) the bloodstream.

Front 78

Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce
A) acetylcholine.
B) dopamine.
C) epinephrine.
D) endorphins.

Back 78

A) acetylcholine.

Front 79

The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)
A) association area.
B) endocrine gland.
C) stem cell.
D) myelin sheath.

Back 79

D) myelin sheath

Front 80

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the
A) spinal cord.
B) limbic system.
C) brainstem.
D) cerebellum.

Back 80

A) spinal cord.

Front 81

Paul had a serious skiing accident in which the Wernicke's area of his cerebral cortex was extensively damaged. Now Paul has difficulty in
A) recognizing familiar faces
B) speaking in reasonably normal cadence
C) speaking sentences that make sense
D) remembering past events

Back 81

C) speaking sentences that make sense

Front 82

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as
A) Broca's area.
B) the angular gyrus.
C) Wernicke's area.
D) the reticular formation.

Back 82

A) Broca's area.

Front 83

The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place in the
A) sensory cortex.
B) reticular formation.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) association areas.

Back 83

D) association areas.

Front 84

The visual cortex is activated when blind people read Braille. This best illustrates
A) aphasia.
B) plasticity.
C) hemispherectomy.
D) tomography.

Back 84

B) plasticity

Front 85

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with
A) brain plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) aphasia.
D) split brains.

Back 85

D) split brains.

Front 86

Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe.
A) frontal
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) parietal

Back 86

C) temporal

Front 87

The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called the
A) medulla.
B) association areas.
C) cerebellum.
D) reticular formation.

Back 87

B) association areas

Front 88

The correct sequence of brain areas involved in reading a printed sentence aloud is
A) visual cortex, Wernicke's area, Broca's, area, angular gyrus, motor cortex
B) visual cortex, Wernicke's area, angular gyrus, Broca's, area, motor cortex
C) visual cortex, angular gyrus, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, motor cortex
D) visual cortex, angular gyrus, Wernicke's area, Broca's, area, motor cortex

Back 88

D) visual cortex, angular gyrus, Wernicke's area, Broca's, area, motor cortex

Front 89

The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called
A) neurogenesis.
B) hemispherectomy.
C) plasticity.
D) lateralization.

Back 89

D) lateralization.

Front 90

After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty
A) understanding other people when they speak.
B) speaking fluently.
C) remembering past events.
D) reading.

Back 90

B) speaking fluently.

Front 91

The association areas are located in the
A) limbic system.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) brainstem.
D) thalamus.

Back 91

B) cerebral cortex

Front 92

When a person speaks, brain waves and bloodflow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the
A) left hemisphere.
B) right hemisphere.
C) hypothalamus.
D) amygdala.

Back 92

A) left hemisphere.

Front 93

The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain
A) resonance.
B) tomography.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.

Back 93

C) plasticity.

Front 94

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce
A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) reward deficiency syndrome.
C) neural plasticity.
D) epileptic seizures.

Back 94

D) epileptic seizures.

Front 95

The inability to recognize familiar faces even though one can clearly see and describe features of the faces is associated with damage to the right _________ lobe.
A) parietal
B) occipital
C) frontal
D) temporal

Back 95

B) occipital

Front 96

The corpus callosum is a wide band of fibers that
A) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres
B) enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body
C) directs the muscle movements involved in speech
D) controls the glands and muscles of teh internal organs

Back 96

A) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres

Front 97

People's failure to recognize themselves in a mirror is most likely to be associated with damage to the
A) parasympathetic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) left cerebral hemisphere.
D) right cerebral hemisphere.

Back 97

D) right cerebral hemisphere.

Front 98

Michael J. Fox has Parkinson's disease. His condition might be improved by
A) Directly stimulating his brain's sub-thalamic nuclei
B) Inserting pacemaker electrodes into the dopamine cell body clusters in his substantia nigra nuclei
C) Infusing dopamine antagonists into the substantia nigra nuclei of his midbrain
D) Making better sure that his diet is free of the amino acid tyrosine

Back 98

A) Directly stimulating his brain's sub-thalamic nuclei

Front 99

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in
A) children who have had a cereberal hemisphere removed
B) people paralyzed by a severed spinal cord
C) split-brain patients
D) individuals with Alzheimer's disease

Back 99

A) children who have had a cereberal hemisphere removed

Front 100

The hallmark of Broca's aphasia is
A) the inability to remember words when constructing sentences
B) the failure to understand conjunctives, articles and prepositions in grammar
C) the failure to understand the order of verbs and nouns in grammatical sentences
D) an inability to form concise sentences

Back 100

B) the failure to understand conjunctives, articles and prepositions in grammar

Front 101

People's moral judgments are most likely to seem unrestrained by normal emotions if they have suffered damage to their
A) corpus callosum.
B) frontal cortex.
C) cerebellum.
D) sensory cortex.

Back 101

B) frontal cortex.

Front 102

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to
A) recognize familiar melodies.
B) recognize faces.
C) solve arithmetic problems.
D) copy drawings.

Back 102

C) solve arithmetic problems.

Front 103

Persons who are born without a corpus callosum are different than epileptics who have theirs severed when they are adults in that
A) since they never had a corpus callosum their brains develop new connections to compensate for its absense and behave like non-split-brain individuals
B) they have trouble with post-pubescent socialization and the experience of emotions
C) they have difficulty in performing common tasks like oredering food from a menu
D) they can not draw a square with their right hand while they draw a circle with their left

Back 103

B) they have trouble with post-pubescent socialization and the experience of emotions

Front 104

After suffering a head injury in an auto accident, Louis lost his ability to read, even though he could see well, speak fluently, and understand what others are saying. It is likely that his cortex was damaged in
A) Wernicke's area.
B) the frontal lobe.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Broca's area.

Back 104

C) the angular gyrus.

Front 105

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to
A) verbally report that she saw a boy.
B) use her left hand to point to a picture of a boy.
C) use her left hand to point to a picture of a dog.
D) verbally report that she saw a dog.

Back 105

C) use her left hand to point to a picture of a dog.

Front 106

A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his arm was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of
A) lateralization.
B) aphasia.
C) tomography.
D) brain plasticity.

Back 106

D) brain plasticity.

Front 107

The area of the brain immediately anterior to the parietal cortex is called the
A) occipital cortex
B) sensory cortex
C) association cortex
D) motor cortex

Back 107

) motor cortex

Front 108

By forming thousands of new neurons each day, monkey brains illustrate
A) aphasia.
B) neurogenesis.
C) hemispherectomy.
D) lateralization.

Back 108

B) neurogenesis.

Front 109

Exposure to bright light causes the
A) pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.
B) thyroid gland to decrease the production of melatonin.
C) thyroid gland to increase the production of melatonin.
D) pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin.

Back 109

) pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.

Front 110

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
A) dual processing.
B) the cocktail party effect.
C) neuroadaptation.
D) the pop-out phenomenon.

Back 110

A) dual processing.

Front 111

Night terrors typically occur
A) during REM sleep.
B) following sleep apnea.
C) within the first few hours of Stage 4.
D) among older adults.

Back 111

C) within the first few hours of Stage 4.

Front 112

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?
A) amphetamines
B) opiates
C) barbiturates
D) hallucinogens

Back 112

C) barbiturates

Front 113

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of
A) circadian rhythms.
B) REM rebound.
C) selective attention.
D) hypnagogic sensations.

Back 113

C) selective attention.

Front 114

A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own.
A) minority; majority
B) majority; majority
C) majority; minority
D) minority; minority

Back 114

A) minority; majority

Front 115

7.
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of
A) morphine.
B) barbiturates.
C) Ecstasy.
D) alcohol.

Back 115

) Ecstasy.

Front 116

Which drug class includes drugs that produce physical dependence when consumed over time with great frequency?
A) all of the above
B) depressants
C) halucinogens
D) stimulants

Back 116

B) depressants

Front 117

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called
A) circadian rhythms.
B) delta waves.
C) alpha waves.
D) sleep spindles.

Back 117

D) sleep spindles.

Front 118

Which drug can produce physical dependence
A) mescaline
B) methamphetamine
C) crack cocaine
D) diazepam

Back 118

D) diazepam

Front 119

The cocktail party effect provides an example of
A) REM rebound.
B) neuroadaptation.
C) circadian rhythms.
D) selective attention.

Back 119

) selective attention.

Front 120

Our inability to fall asleep early, as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of
A) narcolepsy.
B) the circadian rhythm.
C) dissociation.
D) sleep apnea.

Back 120

B) the circadian rhythm.

Front 121

Sleep deprivation ________ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
A) inhibits; increasing
B) stimulates; increasing
C) stimulates; decreasing
D) inhibits; decreasing

Back 121

B) stimulates; increasing

Front 122

Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________.
A) stimulants; hallucinogens
B) hallucinogens; depressants
C) stimulants; depressants
D) hallucinogens; stimulants

Back 122

C) stimulants; depressants

Front 123

Morphine and heroin are
A) opiates.
B) barbiturates.
C) hallucinogens.
D) amphetamines.

Back 123

Opiates

Front 124

Psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmission by stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters.
A) dissociating
B) serially processing
C) synthesizing
D) inhibiting

Back 124

D) inhibiting

Front 125

Stimulants ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence.
A) decrease; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) decrease; decrease
D) increase; increase

Back 125

A) decrease; increase

Front 126

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
A) Stage 4 sleep.
B) hypnagogic sensations.
C) REM sleep.
D) muscle tension.

Back 126

C) REM sleep.

Front 127

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?
A) caffeine
B) alcohol
C) heroin
D) marijuana

Back 127

A) caffeine

Front 128

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.
A) slow-wave
B) Stage 1
C) paradoxical
D) Stage 2

Back 128

A) slow-wave

Front 129

REM rebound involves the
A) tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
B) tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses.
C) increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences.
D) unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation.

Back 129

A) tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Front 130

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
A) producing hallucinations.
B) increasing the occurrence of alpha waves.
C) triggering a state of dissociation.
D) blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Back 130

D) blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.