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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
consciousness
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a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind
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Cartesian Theater
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a mental screen or stage on which things appear to be presented for viewing by the mind's eye (after Descartes)
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phenomenology
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how things seem to the conscious person
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problem of other minds
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the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others
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capacity for experience
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includes the ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear
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capacity for agency
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includes the ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought
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mind/body problem
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the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body
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intentionality of consciousness
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the quality of being directed toward an object
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unity of consciousness
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the resistance of consciousness to division
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selectivity of consciousness
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capacity of consciousness to include some objects and not others
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dichotic listening
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a task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages presented to each ear
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cocktail party phenomenon
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a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby
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transience of consciousness
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the tendency of consciousness to change
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minimal consciousness
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a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior
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full consciousness
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consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state
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self-consciousness
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a distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object
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experience sampling technique
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people are asked to report their conscious experiences at particular times
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mental control
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the attempt to change conscious states of mind
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thought suppression
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the conscious avoidance of a thought
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rebound effect of thought suppression
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the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression
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ironic processes of mental control
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mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them
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dynamic unconscious
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an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces
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repression
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a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness
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cognitive unconscious
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the mental processes that give rise to the person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person
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subliminal perception
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a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving
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altered states of consciousness
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forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind
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circadian rhythm
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a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle
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REM sleep
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a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity
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electrooculograph (EOG)
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device to measure eye movements
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sleep spindles, K complexes
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short bursts of brain-wave activity in the second stage of sleep
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insomnia
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difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
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sleep apnea
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a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep
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somnambulism
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sleepwalking, occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep
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narcolepsy
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a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
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sleep paralysis
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the experience of waking up unable to move
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night terrors
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abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
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characteristics of dream consciousness
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feel intense emotion; dream thought = illogical; sensation = fully formed and meaningful; images and events uncritically accepted; dreams difficult to remember
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manifest content
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a dream's apparent topic or superficial meaning
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latent content
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a dream's true underlying meaning
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activation-synthesis model
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the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep
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psychoactive drug
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a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system
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drug tolerance
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the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect
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depressants
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substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system
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expectancy theory
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the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations
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balanced placebo design
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a study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus
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alcohol myopia
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a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
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stimulants
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substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels
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narcotics or opiates
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highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
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endorphins or endogenous opiates
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neurotransmitters that have a similar structure to opiates and that appear to play a role in how the brain copes internally with pain and stress
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hallucinogens
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drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
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marijuana
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the leaves and buds of the hemp plant
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hypnosis
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an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one's actions are occurring involuntarily
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posthypnotic amnesia
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the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget
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hypnotic analgesia
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the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis
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meditation
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the practice of intentional contemplation
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