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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Spearman's g Factor? |
- In 1927 the British psychologist Charles Spearman found that individuals' scores on different tests tend to be correlated (those who score high on one generally score high on the others) - Common factor of general intelligence underlying performance across all intellectual domains - This general intellectual ability is called the g factor, this general factor is innate |
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Cattell's Notion of Intelligence |
- In 1963, the British psychologist Raymond Cattell determined that general intelligence can be broken down into two relative sperate components 1. Crystallized intelligence 2. Fluid intelligence - Both types are essential to adaptive living |
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Cattell's Crystallized Intelligence |
- Consists of the knowledge a person has acquired plus the ability to access that knowledge - Crystallized intelligence relates to the person's ability to store and retrieve info from our memory - Measured by tests of vocab, math and general info |
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Cattell's Fluid Intelligence |
- Ability to see complex relationships and solve problems - Ability to reason speedily and abstractly - Decreases slowly and then rapidly after 75 - Ex: Scientists are better when they are young whereas authors are better older |
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Cognitive Theories of Intelligence |
- From the cognitive perspective, Intelligence include cognitive process underlying success - Instead of asking "how smart are you?" Cognitive psychologist ask "how are you smart?" |
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory |
- Made up of three different kinds od intelligence - Each of the three abilities is relatively independant of the others. - Each represents a different dimension for describing and evaluating human performance - Practical Intelligence, Analytical Intelligence and Creative Intelligence |
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Practical Intelligence |
- Ability to cope with people and events in their environment - Ability to adapt to environment, shape an environment to suit your needs, or to find an environment you can thrive in |
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Analytical Intelligence |
- Ability to rely on problem solving, rational judgement and ability to compare and contrast ideas - Most IQ test are based on this/ you grade in college are related to this ability |
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Creative Intelligence |
- Helps people develop new ideas and see new relationships among concepts - Ex: Picasso/ Einstein |
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Addition to Sternburg's Triarchic Theory |
- Added a fourth element called wisdom - Wisdom involves using intelligence towards common good rather than for selfish goals - By promoting wisdom we can achieve the societal goals most desire - Studies shows that wisdom is one predictor of well-being later in life |
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Gardner's Multiple Intelligences |
- We have at least 8 sperate mental abilities called multiple intelligence - Each of those intelligence arise from separate parts of the brain - Those eight are: Linguistic, Logica- mathematical, Spatial, musical, inter-personal, intra-personal, Bodily- kinaesthetic, naturalistic |
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Linguistic Intelligence |
- Often measured on traditional intelligence tests by vocab and reading comprehension - Learns through: Reading, hearing and using words, speaking, writing, debating - Likes to: Read, write, memorize, talk - Strong in: Reading, writing, memorizing, thinking in words Ex: Ernest Hemingway |
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Logical- Mathematical Intelligence |
- Measured on most intelligence test with analogies, math problems, and logic problems - Learns through: Working with patterns and relationships, classifying, working with abstract - Likes to: solve problems, question, work with numbers and experiment - Strong in: Math, reasoning, logic, patterns, problem-solving Ex: Einstein |
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Spatial Intelligence |
- The ability to form and manipulate mental images of objects and to think about their relationships in space - Learns through: Reading maps, charts, drawings, mazes, puzzles, visualization - Likes to: Design, draw, build, create, daydream - Strong in: Working with pictures, and colors, drawing, visualizing Ex: Picasso |
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Musical Intelligence |
- The ability to preform, compose and appreciate musical patterns - Learns through: Singing, picking up sounds, remembering melodies, rhythms - Likes to: Sing, play instruments, listen to music - Strong in: Rhythm, melody, singing, listening to music Ex: Bach/ Mozart |
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Bodily- kinaesthetic Intelligence |
- The ability for controlled movement and coordination, such as that needed by an athlete or surgeon. - Learns through: Athletics, Dancing, Acting, crafts, using tools - Likes to: Move around, though an talk, body language - Is strong in: Touching, moving, processing knowledge through bodily sensation Ex: Kobe Bryant |
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Naturalistic Intelligence |
- The ability to classify living things as members of diverse groups (dogs, flowers) and recognize small change's in environment - Learns through: Understanding nature, making decisions, Identifying flora and fauna - Likes to: Be involved with nature, make distinctions - Strong in: Working in nature, exploring living things, learning about plants and natural events Ex: Crocodile hunter |
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Intra-personal Intelligence |
- The ability to know oneself, to develop a satisfactory sense of identity, and to regulate one's life - Learns through: Understanding self, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, setting goals - Likes to work alone, reflect, pursue interest - Strong in: Working alone, doing self-paced projects and reflecting Ex: Freud |
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Inter-personal Intelligence |
- Ability to understand other people's intentions, emotions, motives, and actions, as well as to work effectively with others - Learns through: Understanding people, leading, organizing, communicating, resolving conflicts, selling - Likes to: Have friends, talk, join groups - Is strong in: Sharing, comparing, relating, interviewing and cooperating Ex: Gandhi |
