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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is memory?
An active mental system (ability) that allows you to put away info for later use.
What does the information processing model of memory assume?
-Processing of info for memory storage is similar to a computer
-Sensory memory
-Short term memory
-Long term memory
-Selective attention
-very fast stage, where info enter the nervous system (through the senses) lasts generally only a second or so.
-where info is held for a brief period of time while being used
-Used to keep info "permanently"
ability to focus on one stimulus from all sensory inputs move info from sensory to STM
Encoding
Retrieval
-put in, for short or long time use
-Get out
What is another name for short term memory? what is the capacity of STM? How long does it last without rehearsal?
-Working memory
-7 items +/- two 5-9
-About 12-13 seconds without
Chunking
-Bits of info combined into meaningful units (chunks) so more info can be held in the stimulus
What is the difference between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal? Which one is more useful in getting info into long term memory?
-Saying things over and over in your head to keep them in STM or LTM
-Move from STM to LTM by making info meaningful
-ER is more useful getting things from STM to LTM
What is the difference between declarative and procedural memory? Which one is implicit and explicit?
-Things people already know, consciously know and can verbalize.
-Skills (Things people know how to do) Emotional association, habits, and simple conditioned reflexes, Not easily brought into awareness.
-Declarative is explicit and Procedural is implicit
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
General knowledge (knowledge of language and info learned in formal education etc.)
Personal info not readily available to others (daily activities and events)
-both types of declarative memory
What is the difference in recall and recognition? Which one is easier? What are the types of failure for each one?
-Pull info from memory with few external cues ex: short answer essay fill in (harder)
-Match pieces of info to stored image/fact ex: multiple choice fill in with word bank true/false (easier)
-Draw a blank tip of the tongue phenomenon
-don't recognize something you should -False positive= recognize something you shouldn't
What is the primacy effect and the recency effect? Which one is for right away and which one is for a day later?
-Remember info at beginning better
-Remember info at the end better
-Both asked right away
-primacy asked after a day
What is a retrieval cue?
Stimulus for remembering
what is encoding specificity? What is state dependent learning?
-Remembering better if info is available when memory formed is also available at retrieval (surrounding of physio. state)
-Memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state.
Automatic encoding
-Certain kinds of info seem to enter LTM with little effort
Flashbulb memory
-Automatic encoding
-Occurs when unexpected event has emotions
Eye witness testimony
-Not always reliable
-ages
-use free recall
-sooner than later
-Hypnosis doesn't help
Constructive process
-fact that memory can be altered, revise or influenced by new info during retrieval
-called misinformation effect
False memory syndrome
-Is it possible to create false memories?
-Is it possible to repress real memories?
-Creation of inaccurate or false memories through others
-Yes
-Yes
Curve of forgetting
-Pattern showing that you forget things very fast within the firs hour then it starts to tapper off
-Disturbed practice leads to better retrieval
4 types of forgetting
1)encoding failure: failure to process info into memories
2)Decay:loss of memory due to time when its not used
3)Proactive interference:old info gets in the way of retrieval of new info
4)Retroactive interference:new info gets in the way of retrieving old info