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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cognition |
mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communication |
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concept |
mental grouping of similar objects, events or people organize concepts into hierarchies |
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prototype |
category they fail when: ~when examples stretch our definitions ~the boundary between concepts is fuzzy ~when examples contradict our prototypes |
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problem solving methods |
trial and error algorithm - methodically leading to a specific solution heuristic - short-cut, insight a sudden realization |
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insight |
the "aha" moment occurs in temporal cortex in .3 seconds |
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confirmation bias |
tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions |
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fixation |
INABILITY to see a problem from a NEW perspective ignoring new facts |
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mental set |
tendency to approach a problem in a particular way |
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functional FIXation |
tendency to perceive the functions of objects as FIXED and unchanging |
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representative heuristic |
rule of thumb for judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match particular prototypes
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availability heuristic |
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory EX: airplane crash, shark attacks |
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belief perseverance error |
the tendency to hold onto our beliefs when facing contrary evidence |
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diff between confirmation bias and belief perseverance |
CB is not bothering to seek out info that contradicts yours BP is holding onto ideas and actively rejecting info that contradicts yours |
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framing |
the way an issue is stated, can affect decision EX: what is the best way to market ground beef? as 25% fat or 75% lean? |
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phoneme |
the smallest distinctive sound unit |
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morpheme |
smallest unit that carries MEANING, may be a word or prefix |
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receptive |
0-4 months associating sounds with facial movements |
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productive |
4 months babbling in multilingual sounds and gestures |
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babbling |
10 months sounds more like the parents language |
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one word |
12 months "doggy" |
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two word |
18-24 months |
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speaking full sentences |
2+ years |
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aphasia |
an impairment in the ability to produce or understand language |
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damage to the broca area |
can't speak, but can comprehend in left temporal lobe |
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damage to wernickle |
can speak, cant comprehend in left temporal lobe |
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how we read a word |
1. visual cortex- receive written words 2. angular gyrus- transforms visual representations into auditory code 3. wernickle's area- interprets auditory code 4. broca's area- controls speech muscles via the motor cortex 5.motor cortex- word is pronounced VAWBM |
