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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
zygote
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The fertilized egg
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embryo
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The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
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fetus
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The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
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teratogen
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agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
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schema
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a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
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assimilation
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interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
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accommodation
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adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
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sensorimotor stage
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The stage during which infan t s know the words mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities (birth-2 years old)
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pre operational stage
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The stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic (2-7 years old)
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concrete operations stage
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The stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events (7-11 years old)
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habitation
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decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
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conservation
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recognizing quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape
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attachment
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an emotional tie with another person
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authoritarian
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strict parenting style
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authoritative
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Happy medium parenting style
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permissive
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laid back parenting style
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adolescence
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The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
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puberty
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The period of sex u all maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
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menarche
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First period
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brain development
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frontal lobe lags behind limbic system development
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pre conventional stage
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self interest; obey ruled to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards (ex: if you save your wife, you'll be a hero)
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conventional stage
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uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order (ex: if you steal the drug, everyone will think you're a criminal)
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post conventional stage
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actions reflect belied in basic rights and send - defined ethical principles (ex: people have a right to live)
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emerging adulthood
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For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid 20s, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood
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changes of middle adulthood and later life
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less likely to get flu/colds, slower information - processing speeds, small loss of brain cells
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psychophysics
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The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
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sensation
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detection
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perception
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interpretation
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transduction
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changing one form of energy to another the brain can use
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absolute threshold
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The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
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signal detection theory
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No single absolute threshold; detection depends on variables
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difference thresholds
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The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
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sensory adaptation
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diminished sensitivity to repeated stimuli
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perceptual set
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mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other
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wavelength
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The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
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pupil
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The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
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lens
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The transparent structure behind the pupil thag changes shape to help focus images on the retina
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retina
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The light - sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
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rods
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retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
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cones
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retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
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figure ground
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The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
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depth perception
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The ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike the retina are 2D; allows us to judge distance
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visual cliff experiment
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a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
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perceptual constancy
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perceiving objects as unchanging even when illumination and retinal images change
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perceptual adaptation
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In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
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cochlear implants
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a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea (a part of the ear)
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kinesthesis
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The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
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vestibular sense
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The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
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ESP
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The controversial claim 5 hat perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
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