Psych 7A: Chapter 6

Front 1

Damage to a region of the temporal lobe essential to recognizing face results in a condition known as

Back 1

prospagnosia

Front 2

Sensation is the

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detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system.

Front 3

. The process by which we organize and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects andevents is called

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perception

Front 4

The absolute threshold is the minimum amount of stimulation that a person needs to detect a stimulus

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50% of the time

Front 5

An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odorsfail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to

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signal detection theory

Front 6

Soothing musical recordings accompanied by unheard verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight bestillustrate

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subliminal stimulation

Front 7

After the invisible word “bread” was quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus, observers detected therelated word “butter” much faster than the unrelated word “bubble.” This best illustrates the impact of

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Weber's Law

Front 8

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

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sensory adaptation

Front 9

If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would probably

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vanish from sight

Front 10

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the

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pupil

Front 11

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the

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retina

Front 12

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

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blind spot

Front 13

The nerve cells that respond to specific aspects of a visual stimulus, such as its shape or its movement, are

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feature detectors

Front 14

Certain stroke victims report seeing nothing when shown a series of sticks, yet they are able to correctly report whetherthe sticks are vertical or horizontal. This best illustrates

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blindsight

Front 15

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is

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green

Front 16

The coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the

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cochlea

Front 17

Small differences in the intensity of a sound received by each ear enable us to identify the ________ of the sound

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location

Front 18

Kinesthesis refers to the

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system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.

Front 19

People who carry a gene that boosts the availability of ________ are less bothered by pain.

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endorphins

Front 20

Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

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sensory input

Front 21

People with persistent arm pain experienced a reduction in pain after receiving acupuncture with trick needles thatretracted without puncturing the skin. The fake acupuncture treatment could best be described as a

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placebo

Front 22

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Herexperience best illustrates the importance of

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sensory interaction

Front 23

Which psychologists focused on principles of perceptual organization?

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Gestalt psychologists

Front 24

The Gestalt principles of proximity and similarity refer to ways in which we

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organize stimuli into coherent groups

Front 25

The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

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proximity

Front 26

The principle of continuity refers to the perceptual tendency to

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group stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns

Front 27

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called

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depth perception

Front 28

Infants are especially likely to avoid crawling over the edge of a visual cliff if they

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have a lot of previous crawling experience

Front 29

Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than theyellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as

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relative size

Front 30

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

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linear perspective

Front 31

We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are

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retreating

Front 32

The illusion of movement in animated neon signs is known as

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the phi phenomenon

Front 33

The visually perceived distance between ourselves and an object provides an important cue for our perception of theobject's

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size

Front 34

The Moon just above the horizon typically appears to be unusually

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large because we perceive it as unusually far away from ourselves

Front 35

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that

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an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.