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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called
phrenology
Who first suggested that different regions of the brain control different aspects of behavior?
Franz Gall
Because neural communication occurs within the context of both cultural influences and individual mental processes,
people are best understood as
biopsychosocial systems
The branching extensions of nerve cells that receive incoming signals from sensory receptors or from other neurons are
called the
dendrites
The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the
myelin sheath
The myelin sheath helps to increase the ________ of neural impulses
speed
The junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called
synapses
Neurotransmitter receptor sites are primarily located on the
dendrites
Endorphins are neurotransmitter molecules similar to
morphine
The pain of childbirth is most likely to be reduced by the release of
endorphins
Prozac is an antidepressant drug that increases the level of the neurotransmitter
serotonin
A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter’s functioning is called a(n)
opiate
The body's speedy electrochemical information system is called the
nervous system
For you to be able to run, ________ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles
motor neurons
The neurons of the central nervous system cluster into work groups known as
neural networks
The release of epinephrine into the bloodstream is most likely to
stimulate digestion
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called
hormones
Which endocrine gland regulates body growth?
pituitary
A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue
destruction
Recording electrodes are placed directly on the scalp to produce a(n)
EEG
Which technique involves the use of magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computergenerated images of the
brain's soft tissues?
MRI
James Olds and Peter Milner discovered that rats would willingly cross an electrified floor in order to electrically
stimulate areas within their
hypothalamus.
Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
amygdala
Which region of the human brain best distinguishes us from other animals?
cerebral cortex
An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
motor cortex
If a neurosurgeon directly stimulated parts of your sensory cortex, which of the following would you most likely
experience?
sense of being touched
Phineas Gage underwent a dramatic personality change after a tamping iron inflicted massive damage to his ________
lobes.
frontal
One stroke patient was put to work cleaning tables, with his good arm and hand restrained. Slowly, the bad arm
recovered its skills. He gradually learned to write again and even to play tennis. This best illustrates the value of
plasticitiy
Visual information processing in the temporal lobe of Deaf people whose native language is sign best illustrates
plasticitity
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
corpus callosum.
The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in
speech production
A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the
right hemisphere
Research on left-handedness indicates that
left-handers are less likely than right-handers to process speech primarily in their left hemisphere.