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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
View personality as a set of behaviors thatpeople acquire through learning Learning occurs through 3 processes: -Instruction -Observation -Environmental consequences of actions Personality is a collection of responsetendencies tied to specific situations This describes what approach? |
The Behaviorist Approach |
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What is the Social Cognitive Approach? |
Social cognitive approaches expandedtraditional behaviorism by emphasizing that Much of personality is learned in socialsituations from observing others Cognitive processes influence behavior |
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Cognitive processes of interest include: 1. Perception2. Interpretation3. Beliefs and desires 4. Intelligence -This describes what approach? |
SOCog APPROACH |
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Personality can be revealed through what? |
Perception |
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Describe the difference between: Field-Dependence and Field-Independence |
Field-Dependence: cognitive style/tendency ranging from highlycontextual and global processing, focus on context, seeing the forest Field-Independence: to highly analytical anddifferentiated processing of information, focus on detail, seeing the trees |
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Who is more likely to be intuitive and global prob solver and who is more likely to use hypothesis testing prob solver? |
intuitive: Field dependent hypothesis: Field independent |
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As far as education and interpersonal relationships who is more likely to be attentive to social cues and who is more likely to be detached? Who is more likely to favour social sciences and who is more likely to favour natural sciences? |
Field dependent: social cues, social sciences Field independent: detached, natural sciences |
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Who is more likely to succeed in a hypermedia learning environ? and better able to screen out distracting info and stay on task? |
Field independent people are |
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Personality can be revealed through Interpretation, describe: Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism |
Personality is shaped by the reciprocal determinism of thought, environment, andbehavior e.g., Anxiety in Interviewe.g., Tip for Waiter/Waitress |
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Personality can be revealed through Interpretation, describe: Rotter’s Expectancy Theory |
Learning a behavior depends on the degree to which a person values a reinforcer People differ in their expectations for reinforcement Posits that people learn general expectancies,referred to as Locus of Control |
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The Locus of Control consists of either: |
External locus of control: Generalized expectancies that events are outside ofone’s control Internal locus of control: Generalized expectancies that reinforcing events areunder one’s control, and that one isresponsible for major life outcomes |
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Animals (including humans) when subjected tounpleasant and inescapable circumstances,become passive and accepting of a situation, ineffect learning to be helpless Associated with a pessimisticexplanatory/ attributional style this describes what? |
Learned Helplessness Pessimistic explanatory style Emphasizes internal, stable, and global causes fornegative event and Emphasizes external, unstable, and specific causes for positive events |
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What are attributions? |
Inferences/explanations people make aboutcauses of events, others’ behavior, and their ownbehavior Three broad dimensions of attributions External or internal Stable or unstable Global or specific |
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Fails Driver’s Test– I am a loser, I just can’t drive– If I retake it, it will happen again– A loser at driving is also a loser at life This is an example of what? |
A Pessimistic explanatory style If Driver Passes Test– The examiner was easy– This was one in a million event– This doesn’t mean that I should feel good about other tests |
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The Pessimistic explanatory style is associated with what? |
feelings of helplessness and poor adjustment Explanatory style is stable over time |
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A person's what can be considered part of their personality? |
Their intelligence Traditionally, intelligence conceptualized as being a composite of– “general mental abilities" – “Specific skills” |
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The concept of _______ is seen by some to be more related to the expression/manifestation of personality than traditional concepts of analytical intelligence |
“emotional intelligence” it is related to “social intelligence”, inter and intra personal intelligence,“ego resiliency” Has been found to predict a number of outcomes that traditional measures of intelligence (IQ scores) do not (e.g., occupational attainment) |
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What 5 specific abilities are associated with Emotional Intelligence |
1. Self-awareness (reactive or non) (self-aware engulfed, accepting) 2. Ability to regulate emotion and manage stress 3. Ability to be emphatic 4. Ability to control one's impulses (marshm) 5. Ability to interact smoothly with others |
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What are some criticisms and praises of this approach? |
Social cognitive principles have generated several effective treatment methods for psychological disorders e.g., RET for OCD Behaviourist approaches have been criticize as reducing people to behavior-acquiring machinesApproach neglects unconscious processes and genetic or biological issues |