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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

View personality as a set of behaviors thatpeople acquire through learning


Learning occurs through 3 processes:


-Instruction -Observation -Environmental consequences of actions


Personality is a collection of responsetendencies tied to specific situations


This describes what approach?

The Behaviorist Approach

What is the Social Cognitive Approach?

Social cognitive approaches expandedtraditional behaviorism by emphasizing that Much of personality is learned in socialsituations from observing others


Cognitive processes influence behavior

Cognitive processes of interest include:


1. Perception2. Interpretation3. Beliefs and desires 4. Intelligence -This describes what approach?

SOCog APPROACH

Personality can be revealed through what?

Perception

Describe the difference between:


Field-Dependence and Field-Independence

Field-Dependence: cognitive style/tendency ranging from highlycontextual and global processing, focus on context, seeing the forest




Field-Independence: to highly analytical anddifferentiated processing of information, focus on detail, seeing the trees

Who is more likely to be intuitive and global prob solver and who is more likely to use hypothesis testing prob solver?

intuitive: Field dependent


hypothesis: Field independent

As far as education and interpersonal relationships who is more likely to be attentive to social cues and who is more likely to be detached? Who is more likely to favour social sciences and who is more likely to favour natural sciences?

Field dependent: social cues, social sciences


Field independent: detached, natural sciences

Who is more likely to succeed in a hypermedia learning environ? and better able to screen out distracting info and stay on task?

Field independent people are

Personality can be revealed through


Interpretation, describe: Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism

Personality is shaped by the reciprocal


determinism of thought, environment, andbehavior e.g., Anxiety in Interviewe.g., Tip for Waiter/Waitress

Personality can be revealed through


Interpretation, describe: Rotter’s Expectancy Theory

Learning a behavior depends on the degree to which a person values a reinforcer


People differ in their expectations for


reinforcement Posits that people learn general expectancies,referred to as Locus of Control

The Locus of Control consists of either:

External locus of control: Generalized


expectancies that events are outside ofone’s control




Internal locus of control: Generalized


expectancies that reinforcing events areunder one’s control, and that one isresponsible for major life outcomes

Animals (including humans) when subjected tounpleasant and inescapable circumstances,become passive and accepting of a situation, ineffect learning to be helpless




Associated with a pessimisticexplanatory/


attributional style


this describes what?

Learned Helplessness




Pessimistic explanatory style




Emphasizes internal, stable, and global causes fornegative event and


Emphasizes external, unstable, and specific causes for positive events

What are attributions?

Inferences/explanations people make aboutcauses of events, others’ behavior, and their ownbehavior Three broad dimensions of attributions External or internal Stable or unstable Global or specific

Fails Driver’s Test– I am a loser, I just can’t drive– If I retake it, it will happen again– A loser at driving is also a loser at life


This is an example of what?

A Pessimistic explanatory style




If Driver Passes Test– The examiner was easy– This was one in a million event– This doesn’t mean that I should feel good about other tests

The Pessimistic explanatory style is associated with what?

feelings of helplessness and poor adjustment




Explanatory style is stable over time

A person's what can be considered part of their personality?

Their intelligence




Traditionally, intelligence conceptualized as being a composite of– “general mental abilities" – “Specific skills”

The concept of _______ is seen by some to be more related to the


expression/manifestation of personality than traditional concepts of analytical intelligence

“emotional intelligence”




it is related to “social intelligence”, inter and intra personal intelligence,“ego resiliency”




Has been found to predict a number of outcomes that traditional measures of intelligence (IQ scores) do not (e.g., occupational attainment)

What 5 specific abilities are associated with


Emotional Intelligence

1. Self-awareness (reactive or non) (self-aware engulfed, accepting)


2. Ability to regulate emotion and manage stress


3. Ability to be emphatic


4. Ability to control one's impulses (marshm)


5. Ability to interact smoothly with others

What are some criticisms and praises of this approach?

Social cognitive principles have generated several effective treatment methods for psychological disorders e.g., RET for OCD




Behaviourist approaches have been criticize as reducing people to behavior-acquiring machinesApproach neglects unconscious processes and genetic or biological issues