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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychoanalytical theories |
Freud Erikson |
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Freuds theory |
5 stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
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Erickson's Theory |
8 stages where a crisis must be resolved. |
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Evolutionary psychology |
Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction and survival of the fittest. |
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Mitosis |
Cellular process on which the cell duplicates. |
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Meiosis |
Specialized form of cell division that creates eggs and sperm |
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Zygote |
Combo of sperm and egg |
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Genotype |
A person's genetic heritage, their actual genetic material in the cell |
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Phenotype |
The way the genotype is expressed on each person and their measurable characterisitcs |
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Genetic principles: Dom-Recessive Genes |
Dominant exerts itself, recessive only present when both inherited genes are recessive |
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Genetic Principle: Sex-linked |
Carried on the X or Y (mostly x). Men are more susceptible becuase of only one x |
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Genetic Principle: Genetic imprinting |
When genes have a differing effect based on inheritance from mom or dad. Genes are silenced via chemical process. |
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Genetic inheritance: polygenic inheritance |
Concept that many gene interactions lead to even the simplest of metrics |
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Downs syndrome |
Extra copy of 21st chrome. Women are less likely to have a baby with down's between 16 and 34 |
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Downs syndrome |
Extra copy of 21st chrome. Women are less likely to have a baby with down's between 16 and 34 |
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Klinefelter syndrome |
Males have extra X |
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Fragile X |
Abnormal X. Presents itself as learning disabilities. Problems with inhibition, memory and planning. |
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Turner syndrome |
Female missing X, called XO. Difficult with mathematics and infertile |
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XYY Syndrome |
Extra Y on male. |
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Behaviour genetics |
Studying heredity and environmental effects on behaviour |
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Passive genotype-environment correlation |
Providing an environment similar to prior disposition.
Intelligent parents provide an environment for reading naturally. |
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Evocative genotype-environemnt correlations |
Genetic predisposition elicits a certain response. Happy, helpful.children recieve more social stimulus. |
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Active genotype-environment |
When children find environments they are compatible with. |
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Germinal period |
First 2 weeks after conception. Zygote developmental and zygote attaching to wall. |
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Blastocyst |
Inner cells that turn to embryo. |
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Trophoblast |
Outer layer that provides nutrients and support for the embryo. |
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Embryonic period. |
2 to 8 weeks after. Organs appear |
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Fetal period |
2 to 7 months after conception. |
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Teratogen |
Can potentially cause birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioural outcomes . |
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Apgar Scale |
2 to 5 mins after birth, taking critical measurements such as heart rate and others. |
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Cephalocaudal pattern |
Fastest growth happens on top of the body and filters downward |
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Proxomodistal pattern |
Growth starts in the center and filters outward |
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Androgens |
Male sex hormones |
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Estrogens |
Female sex hormones |
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Testosterone and Estraidol |
Key hormones for puberty development |
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Neuroconstructivist View of the brain |
Brain developments on these points: A)biological and environmental conditions influence brain development B) brain has plasticity and it context dependent C) brain development and cognitive development are closely linked. |
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Parts of the brain |
Frontal lobe: voluntary movement, thinking, personality and purpose Occipital lobe: vision Temporal lobe: hearing, language and memory Parietal lobe: spacial awareness, direct attention and motor control Hippocamous: memory and emotion Amygdola: emotion |
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Myleniation |
Encasing the neurons to increase the speed of information processing. Finishes around 4 years old |
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Dynamic systems theory |
Explains how motor behaviours are assembled for perceiving and acting. Rlys on child being motivated to act |
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Rooting reflex |
Searching for a breast when side of face is stroked looking for food in an infant. |
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Moro reflex |
Reaction by infant to throw hands in air and rapidly move back to the center of the body |
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Sensation and perception |
Sensation is a reaction to stimulus to a receptor. Perception is the interpretation of the sensation |
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Gibsons ecological view |
People directly perceive the world around them. Perception bring people in to contact with the world around them so they can interact and adapt to it. |
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Affordances |
Opportunities for interaction offered by objects. Ex/ the boys see captain american shields where we see lids for pots used for cooking. |
