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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
Stable traits that affect how you act in certain situations |
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Characteristics: |
certain personality traits that a person has (outgoing, quiet, etc.) |
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Personality Types: |
General descriptions of people (introvert vs. extrovert) |
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Personality Traits: |
Relatively enduring “dispositions” – tendencies to act, think, or feel in a certain manner in any given circumstance |
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States: |
Emotional reactions that vary from one situation to another-how you feel at that moment |
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Self-Concept: |
the set of ideas a person has about him or herself |
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What are the two major strategies for development of a personality test? |
Deductive : does it make sense, broad category Empirical: Factor Analytic Strategy |
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What are the deductive strategies for structured personality-test construction? |
1. Logical Content (common sense) 2. Theoretical strategy (investigation) |
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Logical Content Deductive Strategy |
-First way people tried to measure intelligence -Use your brain, logically what would be a good question to test personality? -Using what you know, what questions would help you identify personality? -Statements without logical relevance are excluded from test battery -Also called content, intuitive, or rational strategies -Sources of problems with assuming face validity: - Normal approach to test - Complies with instructions - Reads each item - Answers honestly - Insight to self - Item interpretation - Almost caused people to give up on personality testing - Very straightforward |
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Theoretical Deductive strategy (investigation) |
-Like the tests we created in class -Begins with a theory about the measured characteristic’s nature (literature review) - From this theory, one attempts to deduce items (choose domains) - Items must be consistent with theory (content validity measure-review of questions) - Every scale item must be related to the measured characteristic (other validity measures) - Attempts to create a homogenous scale |
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What are the empirical strategies for structured personality-test construction? |
Criterion-group strategy and Factor-analytic strategy |
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Factor-analytic strategy: |
basically what we did in class; work out the items and pair them down into the smallest number of factors |
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Criterion-group strategy: |
criterion group (base of what items to include); can make the group by comparing the with the item that you are interested in |
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What is cross validation? |
Make a test and give it to a sample to assess its psychometrics; give to a second sample and see if psychometrics hold up |
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What are some of the criticisms of the original MMPI? |
-Used friends and family of the subjects -Not independent group -Only tested in the midwest at one hospital -Item overlap among scales -Imbalance in true/false keying -High intercorrelation among the scales -Lack of generalizability across demographic groups |
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What is the purpose of the MMPI and MMPI-II? |
MMPI: Looking for disorders (distinguish normal from abnormal groups); diagnosis/assessment of major psychiatric disorders MMPI-II: restandardization, update and expand norms, revise items, remove biased/sexist/problematic items |
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What three types of scales are there? |
1. Validity scales: information about the person’s approach to testing (L, F, and K scales) 2. Clinical scales: designed to identify psychological disorders 3. Content scales : item groups related to specific content areas |
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What reading level is required for both the MMPI and MMPI-II? |
6th grade for MMPI I 8th grade for MMPI II |
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Know the three validity scales and what they measure. |
L - Lie (trying to not look bad) F - infrequency (want to make people look bad/over-reporting bad behavior, endorsed by less than 10% of people) K - defensive scale (want to make yourself look good, refusing to admit minor flaws) |
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What is Code Typing on the MMPI? How has this been beneficial? |
-Take the highest two or three elevations to form a diagnosis -Look for patterns, with these patterns make interpretations -Don’t use by themselves |
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Is there much empirical research on the MMPI and MMPI-II? |
YES; tens of thousands of studies conducted |
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What are the problems with factor analytic strategy? What are the three types of variance associated with this strategy? |
It tells us the results but leaves us to to interpret what it means -Unique -Common variance - Error |
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What kind of test-development strategy (or strategies) were used to develop the NEO-PI-R? What does NEO stand for? |
Personality test 1. Factor anaclitic 2. Theatrical NEO - Neuroticism E- extroversion O- openness |
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Name and understand the five personality dimensions on the NEO-PI-R. |
1.Extroversion: Degree to which a person is sociable, leader-like, as opposed to withdrawn, quiet and reserved. 2.Neuroticism: Degree to which a person is anxious and insecure as opposed to calm and self-confident. 3.Conscientiousness: Degree to which a person is persevering, responsible, and organized instead of lazy, irresponsible, and impulsive. 4. Agreeableness: Degree to which a person is warm and cooperative instead of unpleasant and disagreeable. 5.Openness and experience: Degree to which a person is imaginative and curious instead of concrete-minded and narrow in thinking. |
