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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five different views on ways to categorize data in our minds? |
* Classical view * Prototype view * Exemplar view * Schemata view * Knowledge-based view |
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What is the classical view? |
Membership to a category is determined by a set of defining properties that are necessary and sufficient * membership is black or white (all or none) * there are no better examples |
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What are two problems with classical view of categorization? |
* Some categories don't have any real defining features (games) * category membership is all or none (sparrow is more of a bird than a chicken) |
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What is the prototype view of categorization? |
A prototype is an idealized representation of the object. * It has typical characteristics (rather than necessary or sufficient) * formed by averaging the category members |
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What are the problems with prototype view of categorization? |
* Where do we draw the line? (what is a game?) * typicality of an instance can depend on the context (a penguin is more of a bird in the arctic than in the city) |
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What is the exemplar based view? |
It asserts that cocepts include actual representations of some real instances that we've experienced in the past. |
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Which views of categorization assume that there are no defining features associated with specific categories? |
Prototype and exemplar |
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What was Allan and Brook's study about? |
? |
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What did Allan and Brook conclude? |
? |
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What is a common problem between exempler view and prototype view? |
* unconstrained, hard to define where category boundaries are |
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* What are problems with exemplars view of categorization? |
* requires lots of exemplars * unconstrained * why some objects are stored as exemplars and others not? |
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What is the schemata view of categorization? |
Conecpts are a form chemata. They're framworks of knowledge that have roles, slots, variables, and so on. |
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Which categorization view is this? Car accident: there's broken glass, plice, etc |
Schemata view |
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What is knowledge based view? |
People don't just look at specific instances or examples, or prototypes, or defining features. Rather, they use their knowledge of how the concept is organized to justify the classification and explain why certain instances happen to go together in the same category. |
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What study did Bruner and Goodnow do? |
Bruner and colleagues studied the ways that people attain concepts using card depicting different geometric figures * the main thing that Bruner and colleagues were interested in were the strategies that people used to test for the rule. |
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What were three different strategies that people used in Bruner and Goodnow's study? |
* simultaneous scanning (multiple hypothesis at the same time) * Successive scanning (one hypothesis at each time) * ??? (modules says 3 but there are two listed) |
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What's the takeaway from Bruner and Goodnow's study? |
* that there are multiple different strategies people can adopt to learn a concept. * more working memory resources -> more efficient strategies. |
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In the abstract painting study, which part of the brain was initially activated? |
right prefrontal and right parietal cotex |
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In the abstract painting study, which part of the brain was later activated? |
left pareital lobe, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
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Name a behavioural study regarding categorization |
Bruner and collegues, cards and dots |
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Name a functional study regarding categorization |
Segar and collegues, |
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Who did the abstract painting study? |
Segar and collegues |
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if it’s a very simple task where the rules to be learned are rather simple, a _______ strategy is probably going to be employ |
explicit |
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What are two explanation-based viewswf categorization? |
Schemata and knowledge based view |
