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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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physical development
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the growth of the body and it's organs, the functioning of physiological systems, physical signs of aging, changes in motor abilities, and so on
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cognitive development
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changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving, and other mental processes
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psychosocial development
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changes and carryover in personal and interpersonal aspects of development, such as motives, emotion, personality traits and relationships, and roles played in the family and larger society
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age grades
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also called an age stratum; socially defined age groups in society
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age norms
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society's way of telling people how to act their age
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social clock
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a person's sense of when things should be done and when they are ahead of or behind the schedule dictated by age norms
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do age norms and meaning of age differ by culture and history?
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yes, once a society has established age grades, it defines what people should and shouldn't do. They differ from culture to culture, and subculture to subculture
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maturation (nature)
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the biological unfolding of the individual according to a plan contained in the genes
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environment (nurture)
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all of the external, physical, and social conditions, stimuli and events that can affect us from crowded living quarters and polluted air to social interactions with family members
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What are two sides of the debate regarding human development?
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nature vs. nurture
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What are the five environmental systems that influence and are influenced by the developing person?
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The Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem
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What is the microsystem?
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an immediate physical and social environment in which the person interacts face to face with other people, whose influences are affected by them
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What is the mesosystem?
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consists of the interrelationship or linkages between two or more microsystems
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What is the exosystem?
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consists of linkages involving social settings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development
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What is the macrosystem?
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the larger cultural context in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem are embedded.
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What is the chronosystem?
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changes in people and their environments occur in a time frame and unfold in particular patterns or sequences over a person's lifetime
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What are baby biographies? Who did them?
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carefully recorded observations of the growth and development children by their parents over a period.; the first scientific investigations of development.
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Who did baby biographies?
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Charles Darwin
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What were the problems with baby biographies?
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Different baby biographers emphasized different aspects of their children's behavior, therefor they couldn't be compared
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What is the case study method?
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An in-depth examination of an individual that often involves compiling and analyzing information from a variety of sources, such as observation, testing, and interviewing
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What is the main limitation of case studies?
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conclusions based on a single case may not generalize to other individuals
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