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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Developmental Psychology
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aspects of lifespan development from conception through death. Identifies differences cross culturally. Explores physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development
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Cephalocaudal
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physical development from head to foot
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Proximodistal
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physical development from center moving outward
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Germinal Phase
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timeframe from conception through 2 weeks
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Zygote
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A fertilized egg, unicellular
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Placenta
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structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into fetus from mothers blood stream. Allows for passage of waste.
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Embryonic Stage
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The prenatal developmental stage from 2-8 weeks where the head, face, and neck develop. Major organs and digestive track begin to differentiate. Heartbeat begins.
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The size of the head in the embryonic stage is
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½ of the embryo’s size
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Fetal Stage
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8th week through birth
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3rd Month
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digestive functioning, tooth buds, sex organs rapidly grow. Arms/fingers begin to move
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4th Month
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Face begins to look human. Lower body outgrows head and the bones are defined
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5th Month
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fingernails and toenails appear
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Lanugo
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5th month feature: fine wooly hair covering body
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Vernix
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5th month feature: waxy coating collects over body
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6th Month
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eyebrows/lashes become well defined. Eyes completely formed
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7th Month
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Fetus is capable of life outside uterus
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Age of Viability
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most things have been developed, age at which fetus could live outside uterus. Has gotten younger as technology has advanced.
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8th/9th Month
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-Fat is deposited -fingernails grow beyond tip -lanugo is shed -mylenation of brain takes place -organs increase functioning -vernix covers body
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Teratogens
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-harmful toxins that affect development -result in defects
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Dose
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How much teratogen? Fifth of vodka or glass of champagne
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Basic Heredity
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some fetuses are more vulnerable than others
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Age of Exposure
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at what time teratogen during pregnancy makes a difference
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Multiply determined
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stress, nutrition, lack of good care -things are multifactorial
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Thalidomide
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drug for morning sickness that ended up being a teratogen
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Stress
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linked with premature birth and low birth weight
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Smoking
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-increases fetal activity -low birth weight -SIDS increased
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Marijuana
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-low birth weight -disturbed sleep -reduced attention to environment
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Heroin
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-premature birth -low birth weight -tremors -poor sucking ability -SIDS increased
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Cocaine
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-crack babies –premature birth –low birth weight/size –tremors –high pitched crying –respiratory issues –rigidity –withdrawal symptoms from birth
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Comorobidity
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poly substance abuse
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Alcohol
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leading teratogen in USA
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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FAS
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Physical Symptoms (FAS)
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-growth/retardation –head/facial abnormalities –mircrocephaly (small head) –skeletal/brain/heart damage
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Behavioral Symptoms (FAS)
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-poor impulse control –poor attention span –cognitive deficits
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Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)
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some symptoms of FAS but not as severe
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Toxins in Workplace
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may be also impacted by teratogenic influences
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Sperm
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90 day rule for sperm to regenerate, not as important with respect to teratogenic influences
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Vision
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-intact/functioning -7 to 9 inches –preference for human faces
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Hearing
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-Fetus can pick up on sounds in utero –babies turn differentially to mothers voice
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Taste/Smell
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-present at birth –preference for sweet –love smell of bananas and chocolate
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Touch
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-all heat/cold/pressure/pain present at birth –didn’t used to think that they could feel as well (gave them less painkillers)
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Reflexes
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inborn, automatic response to particular form of stimulation
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Rooting Reflex
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-stroke cheek baby turns toward stroke –for sucking nipple
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Stepping Reflex
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-basis for complex motor skills –with bare feet touching floor child will mimic stepping response –disappears around 2 months
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Moro Reflex
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-startling reflex –spreads out arms –cries or screams – evaluates integration of central nervous system
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Sucking Reflex
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Place a finger in mouth then baby will suck it
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Eyeblink Reflex
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shine bright light or clap baby will close eyelids
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Babinski Reflex
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tickle foot and toes fan out and curl in
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Age 2/3 Gross Motor Skills
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-walk rhythmically –jump –hop –push riding toy with feet
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Age 2/3 Gross Fine Skills
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-Remove simple clothing items –start to use silverware
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Age 3/4 Gross Motor Skills
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-walk upstairs with alternating feet –catches ball in chest – rides a tricycle
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Age 3/4 Fine Motor Skills
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-buttons –scissors –copying lines/circles –tadpole person
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Age 4/5 Gross Motor Skills
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- walk downstairs alternating feet –run smoothly –catches ball with hands –rapid/smooth steering
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Age 4/5 Fine Motor Skills
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-mastery with forks –cuts with scissors on line -copies triangles –copies letters
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Ages5/6 Gross Motor Skills
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-increases running speed –true skipping –ride bicycle
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Age 5/6 Fine Motor Skills
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-uses knife to cut food –tie shoes – draw 6 part person –copies words/#
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Kids are getting worse at tying shoes
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Velcro and parents lack of interest
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