Psych 101 Midterm Exam

Front 1

Sub-fields of Psychology

Back 1

Clinical/Counseling

Cognitive

Developmental

Educational

Engineering

Environmental

Experimental

Forensic

Health

I/O

Media

Neuro

Rehabilitation

Social

Sport

Front 2

Nature V. Nuture

Back 2

Francis Galton

Nature: (Innate) Something people are born with.

Nurture: (Experience) Something you learn as you grow.

Front 3

Eugenics

Back 3

Francis Galton

The science of improving the human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.

Front 4

Distribution Graphs

Back 4

Normal: Peak in the middle.

Negatively Skewed: Peak to the right.

Positively Skewed: Peak to the left.

Front 5

Placebo

Back 5

An inert substance given to members of the control group; the fake treatment that has no benefit, but administered as if it does. "The sugar pill"

Front 6

Levels of Measurement

Back 6

Nominal (Name): Labeling without value.

Ordinal (Order): Putting in order.

Interval: No true zero, order of values.

Ratio: Order, value between and provide a true zero.

Front 7

Scientific Method

Back 7

Process scientists use to conduct research which includes a continuing cycle of exploration, critical thinking, and systematic observation.

Front 8

Goals of Psychology

Back 8

Describe: Report what is observed.

Explain: Organize and understand observations of behaviors.

Predict: Predict behaviors or outcomes.

Control: Use findings to shape, modify and control behaviors.

Front 9

Qualitative V. Quantitative

Back 9

Quantitative:

Can be measured in numbers.

Exploratory/Investigative

Numbers/Quantity

Qualitative:

Information about quantities.

Cannot be measured numerically.

Category/Quality

Front 10

Sigmund Freud

Back 10

(1856-1939)

Neurologist

Dreams

Id, Ego, and Super Ego

Front 11

Carl Jung

Back 11

(1875-1961)

Student of Freud

Analyst

Slept with a client

Introversion/Extroversion

Front 12

Ivan Pavlov

Back 12

(1849-1936)

Classical Conditioning

Nobel Prize

Seraphima

Extremely Poor

Pavlov's Dogs/Children

Front 13

John Watson

Back 13

(1878-1958)

Little Albert

Editor of Psychology Review

Front 14

Abraham Maslow

Back 14

(1908-1970)

Humanistic

Student of Adler

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

Front 15

Frontal Lobe

Back 15

Higher-level cognitive functions like thinking, planning, and personality characteristics.

Front 16

Parietal Lobe

Back 16

Integration of sensory information like touch and temperature.

Front 17

Temporal Lobe

Back 17

Hearing and language comprehension

Front 18

Occipital Lobe

Back 18

Processing of visual formation.

Front 19

Tools used to study the brain

Back 19

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT Scan or CT Scan)

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Front 20

Stem Cells

Back 20

Responsible for creating new neurons.

Front 21

Broca's Area

Back 21

An area of the cortex that is critical for speech production.

Front 22

Wernicke's Area

Back 22

A region of the cortex that plays a pivotal role in language comprehension.

Front 23

Medulla

Back 23

A structure that oversees vital functions, including breathing, digestion, and heart rate.

Front 24

Pitch, Tone, and Timbre

Back 24

Pitch: Degree to which a sound is high or low, and is determined by frequency of its sound wave.

Tone: How the pitch is perceived.

Timbre: Number of sound waves passing a given point per second.

Front 25

Auditory (Hearing)

Back 25

Eardrum

Hammer, anvil, stirrup.

Oval window

Cochlea

Basilar Membrane

Front 26

Smell/Olfaction

Back 26

Olfaction: Sense of smell.

Chemical Sense: Involve sensing odor molecules in currents of air.

Olfactory Epithelium: Site of receptor neurons for odor molecules.

Front 27

Taste

Back 27

Gustation: The ability to detect five basic tastes; sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami.

Taste buds located in the papillae are made up of receptor cells that communicate signals to the brain.

Front 28

Touch

Back 28

The sensation of touch begins with our skin, which houses a variety of receptors.

Pain: Fast pathway (location), and slow path (information).

Kinesthesia: Awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs.

Front 29

Visibility of light

Back 29

Light is Sight: Eyes do not since faces, objects, or scenery- They detect light.

Visible light is the only part of the spectrum detectable by human eyes.

Features of light: Hue, Brightness, and Saturation.

Perception of color.

Front 30

Electromagnetic Waves

Back 30

Gamma waves

X-rays

Ultraviolet

Infrared

Microwaves

and Radio Waves

Front 31

Parts of the eyes

Back 31

Cornea: Shields the eye from damage like dust.

Iris: Muscle that changes the size of pupil.

Pupil: Controls amount of light entering the eye.

Lens: Focuses incoming light and changes shape to adjust images to near and far through accommodation.

Retina: Bipolar cells, Optic Nerve, Blind Spot.

Photoreceptors: Absorb light energy and convert it into neural activity. Rods, and Cones.

Front 32

Adaptation

Back 32

The ability of sensory organs to adjust after exposure to a changing environment.

Front 33

Classification of Drugs

Back 33

Psychoactive Drugs

Depressants

Alcohol

Stimulants

Tobacco

Caffeine

Hallucinogens

Marijuana

Front 34

REM Behavior Disorder

Back 34

A Sleep disturbance in which the mechanism responsible for paralyzing the body during REM sleep is not functioning, resulting in the acting out of dreams.

Front 35

Morning and Night People

Back 35

Larks: Early risers

Owls: Late risers

Front 36

Wish Fulfillment

Back 36

Freud

Manifest: Apparent meaning of dream.

Latent: Hidden meaning of dream.

Front 37

Consciousness

Back 37

The state of being aware of oneself, thoughts, and environment.

Wakefulness

Sleepiness

Drug-induced states

Dreaming

Hypnotic states

Meditative states

Front 38

Automatic Processing

Back 38

Unconscious processes and involuntary activity, guide many behaviors.

Information is often detected, encoded, and stored without awareness.

Front 39

Psychology and Physiological Dependence

Back 39

Psychology Dependence: A strong desire or need to continue using the substance occurs without the evidence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms.

Physiological Dependence: The body no longer functions normally without the drug.

Front 40

Knowledge-Based Processing

Back 40

Drawing on past experiences and knowledge to understand and interpret sensory information.