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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William Wundt and E.B Titchener |
Structuralism |
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William James (&Darwin) |
Functionalism |
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John Watson |
Behaviourism |
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Piaget and Ulric Neisser |
Cognitivism |
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Freud and Jung |
Psychoanalysis |
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Mental shortcuts |
Heuristics |
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Two Modes of thinking |
Intuitive and Analytical |
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4 fold table of life |
Humans focus on A and ignore B-D |
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Scientific study of mind, brain, behaviour |
Psychology |
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Lower levels of psych |
Biological |
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Higher levels of psyc |
Social and Cultural |
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A causes B, but what other factors are there? |
Correlation vs cause. |
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Naive Realism |
We see the world how it is. IE: we arw spinning in orbit, but feel still. |
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Biases (2 types) |
Confirmation, belief perseverance |
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An explanation for a large number of findings |
Theory |
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A testable prediction |
Hypothesis |
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A set of claims that seem scientific but are not |
Pseudoscience |
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Ad hoc immunizing hypothesis |
A loop hole or excuse to protect a theory |
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6 principals of scientific thinking |
Rule out rival hypothesis. Correlation =/= causation Falsifiability. Replicability. Extraordinary claims Occams razor |
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Original meaning of psychology |
Study of the soul |
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Structuralism |
Break down psych into basic components. Beginning of psych as a science. Wundt and Titchener. Systematic observation of conscious experiences. Has an overemphasis on introspection |
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Functionalism |
William James (Darwin). Aimed to understand adaptive purposes that help survival. Natural selection. |
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Behaviouralism |
Watson and Skinner. Aim to uncover laws of learning by focusing on external observable behaviour. People are shaped by their environment. (Rewards vs punishment). Behaviours follow laws |
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Cognitivism |
Piaget and Ulric Neisser.Aims to understand mental processes. Thinking is central to understanding behaviour.Learning occurs by insight. Influenced by development of computers (brains are similar). Piaget and Ulric Neisser.Aims to understand mental processes. Thinking is central to understanding behaviour.Learning occurs by insight. Influenced by development of computers (brains are similar). Piaget and Ulric Neisser.Aims to understand mental processes. Thinking is central to understanding behaviour.Learning occurs by insight. Influenced by development of computers (brains are similar). |
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Psychoanalysis |
Freud and Jung.Unconscious mental processes. What are Unconscious drives? Full of symbols. "Freudian slips". Freud and Jung.Unconscious mental processes. What are Unconscious drives? Full of symbols. "Freudian slips". Pitfalls: hard to falsify Pitfalls: hard to falsify |
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Examines how the mind works, study done for its own sake. |
Basic research |
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Used in every day life. Studied to make better ads etc |
Applied research |
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Interrater reliability |
The extent that 2 or more people who conduct the same study agree |
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The extent that an experiment measures what it says it will |
Validity |
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Consistency of measurement |
Reliability |
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Observing something in its real world setting |
Naturalistic observation |
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The extent which we can generalize findings to real world settings |
External validity |
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The extent to which we can draw cause and effect interferences from a study |
Internal validity |
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2 things needed for an experiment. |
1. Random selection 2. Manipulation of an independent variable. |
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Dependant variable |
The variable being manipulated (the group that got the painkiller) |
