Psych 101 Chapter 11 Social Psychology

Front 1

What Is the Social Self?

Back 1

social psychology research suggests other people influence how we see ourselves.

Front 2

The SELF became a topic of interest to social psychologists____________
(WHEN)

Back 2

in the 1970s

Front 3

LIST 3 TOPICS THAT IS RELATED TO SELF IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Back 3

1. Self-Concept
2. Self-Esteem:
3. Self-Presentation:

Front 4

what you know and believe about yourself

Back 4

1. Self-Concept

Front 5

how you feel about yourself

Back 5

2. Self-Esteem:

Front 6

your efforts to convey an image of yourself to others

Back 6

3. Self-Presentation:

Front 7

Our self-concept begins to develop ___________, and it is the answer to the question,____________.

Back 7

when we are toddlers
“Who am I?”

Front 8

WHAT IS SELF CONCEPT BASED ON

Back 8

It is based on our views of ourselves as well as how others view us.

Front 9

change over time and across situations.

Back 9

SELF ESTEEM

Front 10

low self-esteem was the cause of

Back 10

many people’s problems

Front 11

CAN YOU HAVE TOO MUCH SELF ESTEEM

Back 11

YES

Front 12

WHAT IS THE SELF IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY?

Back 12

SELF-CONCEPT
SELF-ESTEEM
SELF-PRESENTATION

Front 13

the process of analyzing and interpreting events, other people, ourselves, and the world in general. the process of analyzing and interpreting events, other people, ourselves, and the world in general.

Back 13

Social Cognition:

Front 14

judgments we make about explanations or causes of the behaviors of ourselves and others.

Back 14

Attributions:

Front 15

Two types of attributions are:

Back 15

1. internal attributions:
2. external attributions

Front 16

attributing behavior to causes within the person or within ourselves.

Back 16

internal attributions:

Front 17

external attributions: attributing behavior to causes outside the person or ourselves.

Back 17

external attributions

Front 18

Humans make several common errors when judging the causes of behavior:

Back 18

Errors in Attribution

Front 19

LIST 3 ERRORS OF ATTRIBUTION:

Back 19

1. SELF-SERVING BIAS
2. FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
3. ACTOR-OBSERVER

Front 20

we take credit for our successes but blame external factors for our failures

Back 20

self-serving bias

Front 21

we typically attribute others’ behaviors to internal rather than external factors

Back 21

fundamental attribution error

Front 22

we tend to attribute others’ failures to internal factors while attributing our own failures to external factors

Back 22

actor-observer effect:

Front 23

Interpersonal attraction: the tendency of one person to evaluate another person positively

Back 23

Interpersonal attraction:

Front 24

WHAT DOES ONE NEED TO ATTRACT EACH OTHER?

Back 24

1. Proximity
2. Physical Attractiveness
3. Similarity

Front 25

Liking those Who Are Like Us

Back 25

Similarity

Front 26

how do people meet
ie: face to face, social networking, dating services,

Back 26

Proximity

Front 27

list a key factor in interpersonal attraction

Back 27

Physical Attractiveness

Front 28

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRIENDSHIP AND LOVE

Back 28

YES

Front 29

HOW DO PEOPLE BECOME ATTRACTED TO ONE ANOTHER?

Back 29

1. INCREASE CONTACT
2. SIMILAR ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS

Front 30

a relationship that involves closeness and a commitment to continue the relationship

Back 30

Friendships

Front 31

Children begin to understand and form friendships in

Back 31

PRESCHOOL

Front 32

There are gender differences in friendship

Back 32

in childhood and continuing into old age,

Front 33

with females relying more on ____________and males developing _____________

Back 33

emotional sharing

activity-based friendships

Front 34

STERNBERG DEFINED LOVE INTO 3 COMPONENTS

Back 34

1. Intimacy – emotional closeness
2. Passion – arousal
3. Commitment – permanence

Front 35

– emotional closeness LEADS A PERSON TO SELF DISCLOSE

Back 35

INTIMACY

Front 36

arousal ALSO MAY BE INTELLECTUAL
SOME INSPIRATIONAL

Back 36

Passion

Front 37

permanence

Back 37

Commitment

Front 38

Research suggests relationships (e.g., marriages) last long if they contain

Back 38

all 3 components and is called consummate love.

Front 39

When intimacy and commitment exist without passion,

Back 39

companionate love exists and is more like friendship.

Front 40

HIGHEST TYPE OF LOVEAND WHEN ALL THREE COMPONENTS ARE PRESENT

Back 40

CONSUMMATE LOVE

Front 41

lists Six Varieties of Love (pg.485) as

Back 41

1. Passionate Love
2. Game-Playing Love
3. Friendship Love
4. Logical Love
5. Possessive Love
6. Selfless Love

Front 42

ACCODING TO RESEARCH HOW LONG SHOULD YOU DATE

Back 42

3 YEARS

Front 43

Intimate and Love Relationships: LEADS TO

Back 43

mutual self-disclosure

Front 44

Maintaining Relationships: Factors Contributing to Long-Term Relationships

Back 44

Equity – balanced contributions of the two partners
Attachment Styles – secure vs. insecure attachments

Front 45

balanced contributions of the two partners

Back 45

Equity

Front 46

secure vs. insecure attachments

Back 46

Attachment Styles

Front 47

Factors Contributing to Divorce Include:

Back 47

1. poverty
2. unemployment
3. marriage at a young age
4. marriage due to pregnancy
5. substance abuse
6. infidelity
7. disagreement about gender roles
8. abuse (physical or emotional)

Front 48

Aggression: any behavior intended to harm another person physically, verbally, or emotionally

Back 48

Aggression:

Front 49

. Is Aggression Innate?

Back 49

YES ACCORDING TO
The evolutionary theory states that protecting one’s offspring is innate, and that competition for scarce resources explains many instances of aggression. This theory explains aggression against competitors or strangers, but does not explain why we aggress against family members.

Front 50

states that protecting one’s offspring is innate, and that competition for scarce resources explains many instances of aggression. This theory explains aggression against competitors or strangers, but does not explain why we aggress against family members.

Back 50

The evolutionary theory

Front 51

The frustration-aggression hypothesis

Back 51

The frustration-aggression hypothesis

Front 52

Do People Learn How To Be Aggressive

Back 52

YES
Social learning theory

Front 53

Social learning theory asserts that we learn aggressive behaviors through the processes of operant conditioning (reinforcement) and/or observing and imitating others. This theory is supported by research on the effects of media violence on children’s behaviors, though not everyone exposed to violence becomes violent.

Back 53

Social learning theory

Front 54

Do Cognitions Cause Aggression?

Back 54

Cognitive theory asserts that we actively engage in thoughts that lead to aggressive behaviors, and this occurs when we internalize a negative, aggressive view of the world during childhood

Front 55

Gender Differences in Aggression

Back 55

Generally speaking, men are more physically aggressive than women

Front 56

indirect forms of aggression

Both men and women engage in more indirect forms of aggression

Back 56

such as spreading rumors about someone or hurting someone emotionally.

Front 57

Generally speaking, men are more physically aggressive than women.

Back 57

TRUE

Front 58

Gender differences in aggression are explained by:

Back 58

1. Socialization – females are taught to restrain their anger
2. Vulnerability – females are more vulnerable to retaliation
3. Biology – high levels of testosterone weakly linked to aggression

Front 59

Can Aggression be Controlled?

Back 59

AGGRESSION IS A PART OF HUMAN NATURE BUT IT CAN BE CONTROLLED AND DECREASED

Front 60

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IS INFLUENCED BY

Back 60

IMITATION
LEARNING

Front 61

is behavior that benefits another person or group.

Back 61

Pro social Behavior

IS BENEFICIAL

Front 62

the chance that we will help someone in need decreases when there are other observers (bystanders)

Back 62

Bystander Effect:

Front 63

TWO TYPES OF Pro social Behavior

Back 63

Altruism:
Bystander Effect:

Front 64

Behavior intended to benefit another person or group with some cost to the helper and no expectation of reward is altruism.

Back 64

Altruism:

Front 65

_______________was discovered following the stabbing death of Kitty Genovese in New York City in 1964. The attack lasted more than 30 minutes and was heard by dozens of neighbors, none of which offered assistance or phoned for help.

Back 65

The bystander effect

Front 66

Latané & Darley (1970s) conducted a series of studies on the bystander effect and discovered it was caused by:

Back 66

1. misperception of the event
2. diffusion of responsibility

Front 67

Other factors influencing whether a victim will receive help:

Back 67

1. similarity to the potential helper
2. large vs. small city
3. gender of the victim
4. perceived self-efficacy
5. severity of the emergency
6. gender of the potential helper
7. attractiveness of the victim