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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Habituation
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repeated/prolonged exposure----reduced response. (ex: violence on TV)
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Classical Conditioning
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Learned Associations (ex: Pavlov's Dogs)
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Extinction
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Present CS without USC, and CR will eventually stop.
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Spontaneous Recovery
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Reappearance of a CR after a rest period.
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Stimulus Generalization
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CR occurs with other similar CSs.
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Stimulus Discrimination
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Organism learns to differentiate among stimuli so that CR only occurs only with CS
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Higher Order Conditioning
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Condition behavior without a UCS, by pairing a new, neutral stimulus with an existing CS
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Taste Aversions
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Food & Alcohol related illnesses (becoming sick or nauseous)
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Operant Conditioning
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Learning through consequence (punishment)
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Operant Conditioning (ii)
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Learning occurs as a result of stimuli that either increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavioral response.
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Social Learning
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learning vicariously through watching the consequences of others' actions (indirect)
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Phoneme
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the smallest unit of sound recognizable as speech. (ex: P = "puh"
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Morpheme
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the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. (ex: dog, -ing)
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Grammar
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rules that specify how units of language can be combined to produce meaningful phrases
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surface structure
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how a sentence is worded
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deep structure
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the meaning of a sentence
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fast mapping
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Children’s ability to map a word onto underlying concept after only a single exposure.
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Behaviorist Theory
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Children learn language through operant conditioning
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Nativist Theory
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language is an innate, biological capacity
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language acquisition device (LAD)
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a collection of processes that facilitate language learning
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Broca's Area (neurological)
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language production - left frontal lobe
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Wernicke's Area (neurological)
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comprehension language (left temporal lobe)
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Aphasia (neurological)
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disorder in producing or comprehending language
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Exemplar Theory (specific)
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category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category.
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Prototype Theory (nonspecific)
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yes/no categorical judgments made by comparing new instances to a category’s prototype.
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factor analysis
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stat technique that reduces large number of correlations to small # of factors
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fluid intelligence
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the ability to process info
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crystallized intelligence
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the accuracy and amount of info available for processing
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relative intelligence
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stable over time
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absolute intelligence
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changes over time
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