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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation |
something that is a need or drive which energizes and directs behavior |
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instinct theory |
threat response for cockroach, when light shines it goes to a corner so it doesn't die. this is an instinct, just automatically does it.
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drive reduction theory |
a physiological need creates a “drive”(crave) inside the individual that motivates behavior to decrease the drive eat breakfast, the feel hungry and creates a drive, eat to reduce the driveoperates along the idea of a homeostasis( that maintenance of a steady internal state)
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optimum arousal |
works off the idea that some behaviors increase needs and people/ animals engage in behavior with no immediate need existing all have different set points of arousalset point changes as you agemetabolism may go down and weight point will go up as you age
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eating |
Is psychologically influenced regulated by a variety of things Cholecystokinin(CCK) from small intestine appears to play a role in satiety |
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hypothalamus and eating |
lateral and medial hypothalamus |
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lateral hypothalamus |
lesions produce aphasiaelectrical stimulation causes eating
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media hypothalamus |
lesions produce hyperplasia(animals eat)electrical stimulation turns off eating
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factors that control eating |
memory, need for nutrients, social eating(eat more with other people), unit bias, food variety, taste diversion learning |
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weight management |
health reasons with BMIImpact of obesity on well beingfemales make less moneyfemales less likely to be married
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masters and johnson |
filmed over 10k sexual cycles to identify stages of sex |
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intrinsic |
the desire to engage in an activity for its own sake rather than for some external consequences |
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extrinsic |
The desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence, such as a reward
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overjustification |
the process by which extrinsic rewards can sometimes displace internal motivation
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four stages of emotion |
1. Physiological Arousal
2. Cognitive Interpretation 3. Subjective Feelings 4. Behavioral Expression |
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fast response system for emotion |
works unconsciously |
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stress |
Process of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging event
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short term stress |
(Yerkes Dodson law) can have either positive or negative effects
low stress can be good |
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long term stress |
can be quite harmful (increase risk for disease) can lead to disease and a shorter life span
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Catastrophes
Culture shock Life changes |
Following death of partner risk of you own death is doubled for the first week following the event.
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biological stress response |
Brain releases epi and norepi and cortisol
the rush you get right after being scared |
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Gender behaviors and stress
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Women, tend and befriend
Men, drink and be aggressive or isolate |
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how to reduce stress |
believe in a faith, if you cant control it dont worry about it, exercise, have optimism |
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conscious response system |
Linked to explicit memorymemory that's readily availablemore accurate response system but sloweryou weigh the situation against previous history
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what does developmental psychology investigate |
Physical, Cognitive and Social development across the lifespan
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continuity or stages |
Learning theorist often look at continual development Biologist often look at stages
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prenatal development |
Females are born with all eggs they will have, although only 1 in 5,000 mature
Males begin producing sperm at puberty and at the height of “production” will produce ~1,000 sperm per second. |
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fetal alcohol syndrome |
hyperactive, learning deficient, higher posibilty of downs |
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new born development |
Root
Suck Startle Tonic Neck Grasp Babinski Step |
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declarative memory in infants |
Likely do to the development of the hippocampus….Spatial memory vs. Non spatial memory
Infantile amnesia: often do not recall events prior to 3+ years of age.
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sensorimotor |
Experience world via senses
Lack object permanence However recent work indicates this might be more gradual and infants understand more than initially thought. |
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preoperational thinking |
Learn languages but not logic
Egocentric Conservation |
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concrete stage |
Development of logic
Understands conservation |
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formal operation |
Can understand If then and hypothetical issues.
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social development |
Attachment is based on comfort and not nourishment (Harlow’s work) Imprinting If deprived of attachment results in decreased IQ scores and increased anxiety scores, might increase aggression and poor social skills |
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adolesence |
Overwhelmed by puberty
Development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics Prefrontal cortex Moral/ethical thinking |
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adulthood |
Phil Best and myself, how perspectives change
Changes in physical nature, sexual aspects, digestion Balancing “love” and “work” Freud |
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dementia and Alzheimer |
Increase with age
Destruction of hippocampus Neurofibulary tangles Beta Amyloid plaques Impairments in declarative memory |
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death and dying |
Probably one of the most understudied areas of psychology
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cognition |
t he mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating information.
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concepts |
Mental groupings of similar objects, ideas or people.
Simplify thinking Make use of prototypes |
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algorithms |
step by step procedures that guarantee an outcome
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heuristics |
Simpler, yet flexible, thinking strategies.
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insights(aha moments) |
“Instantaneous thoughts”
Frontal lobe followed by right temporal activation |
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potential errors in judgements |
Conformational Bias
Mental Set Intuition Available Heuristic Overconfidence Belief Perseverance |
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animal behavior |
Cognition
Counting Sorting Tool usage |
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language |
Babbling: Starts at about 4 months, unrelated sounds produced by infants
Babbling (2): 10 months of age, related to household words One word stage: 12 months Two word stage: 24 months Sentences: Explosion in use at about 2+ years |
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critical period and language |
Exists up to about 7 years of age
Second language learners |
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brain and language |
Aphasia: Language impairment due to brain damage, usually
Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Arcuate fasciculus (conduction) |
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creativity |
Have Aptitudes
Independence Intense interest in a problem Willingness of restructure a problem Preference for complexity Need for stimulating interaction |
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intelligence |
The mental capacity to acquire knowledge, reason and solve problems effectively
Mental Age: The average age at which normal individuals achieve a particular score Chronological age: A person’s age in years |
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IQ |
Mental age divided by chronological age times 100
Does not work perfectly as does not account for age .IQ not calculated by assuming IQ is normally distributed and scores are scaled based on the average for each age being set to 100 |
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intellectual disability |
Lowest 2% of the IQ range
Gifted is the upper 2% of the IQ range Can be caused by FAS |
