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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology
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Science of behaviour and mental processes like emotion, perceptions, and memory.
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Developmental psychology
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Study of change and stability of human cognitive, social, and behavioral characteristics across a lifetime.
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Prenatal
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Period from conception to birth.
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When does conception take place?
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When sperm unites with ovum
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What is it called when a male sperm and female ovum unite?
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Germinal period
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Specialized reproductive cells are ___.
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gametes
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Gametes are ___ meaning they only contain half the genetic material required for life.
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haploid
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The sperm and ovum merge together to create a ___.
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zygote
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The zygote cell divisions occur through a process called ___.
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cleavage
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Stem cells
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Undifferentiated cells that have not undergone epigenetic change.
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After the many divisions a zygote undertakes, it becomes a mass of cells called a __.
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morula
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As the ___ enters the fallopian tube, the uterus begins to fill with ___.
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morula, fluid
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When does the embryonic period begin?
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After implantation in the uterine wall.
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What two parts does the EMBRYO live in?
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1) Amniotic sac
2) Placenta |
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What layers does the embryo separate in?
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1) Endoderm
2) Mesoderm 3) Ectoderm |
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Endoderm
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- Innermost layer of tissue
- Becomes digestive system, urinary tract, lungs |
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Mesoderm
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- Middle layer
- Muscle, bones, circulatory system |
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Ectoderm
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- Outer layer
- Skin, hair, teeth, CNS |
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Neuralation
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Formation of embryonic nervous system. Forms neural tube.
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What is the growth of new neurons called?
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Neurogenesis
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Neural migration
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When neurons move, grow, and organize themselves
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Neural tube
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Embryo's precursor to the central nervous system
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Programmed cell death
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Apoptosis
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When does apoptosis stop?
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Apoptosis is ongoing and continues through development.
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What is the final period of prenatal development?
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The fetal period
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Teratogens
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Materials that can cause development complications of an infant, i.e. alcohol, tobbaco
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Reflexes are present at birth but...
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disappear
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Grasping reflex
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When you press an infant's palm, they automatically grasp.
At 3 months, they start intentionally grasping. At 7 months, they reach for their own targets. |
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Motor development begins with movements of the __ and progresses into ___.
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fetus, adulthood
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Why are "motor milestones" important?
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Infants gain:
strength coordination ability to move freely |
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The connections through which neurons communicate with each are called ___.
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synapses
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Synaptogenesis
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When new synapses are created.
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Synaptic pruning
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When weak synapses are eliminated and reduced
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Synaptic plasticity
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Ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time based on their usage.
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What strengthens neural pathways? In what is this in accordance with?
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Using neural pathways strengthens them; this is in accordance with SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY.
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What happens when neural pathways are neglected?
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They shrink and die.
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Experience-dependent plasticity
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Ability of nervous system wire and rewire itself depending on usage
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Development that does not happen until a certain experience is called ____.
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Experience-expectant plasticity
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Myelination
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Development of myelin sheath around neurons
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Executive functioning
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Functions involved in goal-directed behaviour, planning, and problem solving
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Myelin increases the __ at which ____ transmit info.
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speed, neurons
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Puberty
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When body enters sexual maturation
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Puberty begins when the hypothalumus secretes __ that signal the ___ to mature and for the ___ ___ to be ____.
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hormones, gonads, sex hormones, secreted
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Males produce more ___ during puberty.
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testosterone
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Females produce more ___ during puberty.
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estrogen
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A female's first menstruation is called ___.
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menarche
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Semenarche
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The first ejaculation of males
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Testosterone promotes..
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Growth of pubic hair, muscle mass
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Estrogen promotes..
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Growth pubic hair, hips and breast, maturation of uterus and vagina
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The end of a woman's period and reproductive ability is called ___.
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menopause
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With age, the ability to use ___ intelligence decreases and ___ intelligence stays the same or increases.
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fluid, crystallized
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Host of diseases that all cause a decline in mental function is called ____.
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dementia
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