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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
axon
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The long tail-like part of the neuron that serves as the cell's transmitter
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Dendrite
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the fibers that extend outward from a neuron and receive information from other neurons
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Myelin sheath
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An insulating material that protects the axon and helps to speed up neural transmission
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Soma
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The cell body of a neuron
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Terminal buttons
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The tiny swellings at the end of the axon that contain chemicals important to neural transmission
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Synapse
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The small gap between the terminal buttons of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron
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Neurotransmitter
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Chemical messengers that relay infromation from one neuron to the next
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GABA
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Neurotransmitter that may play a role in the regulation of anxiety; it generally produces inhibitory effects
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Seratonin
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Neurotransmitter that has been linked to sleep, dreaming, general arousal, and may also be involved in some psychological disorders such as depression and schizophrenia
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Acetylcholine
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Neurotransmitter that plays multiple roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the excitation of muscle contractions
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Dopamine
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Neurotransmitter that often leads to inhibitory effects; decreased levels have been linked to Parkinson's disease and increased levels have been linked to schizophrenia
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Endorphins
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Morphinelike chemicals that act as the brain's natural painkillers
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Endocrine system
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A network of glands that uses the bloodstream, rather than neurons, to send chemical messages that regulate growth and other internal functions
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Central nervous system
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The brain and spinal cord
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Somatic system
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The collection of nerves that transmits information toward the brain and connects the skeletal muscles in order to initiate movement; part of the peripheral nervous system
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Automatic nervous system
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The collection of nerves that controls the heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, etc. Part of the peripheral nervous system
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