Psyc

Front 1

what is psychology?

Back 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

what are the 4 goals of psychology?

Back 2

Description, Explaination, Prediction, Control/Influence

Front 3

Description:

Back 3

"build a picture"
define

Front 4

Explain:

Back 4

why?
what causes?
reasons...

Front 5

Predict:

Back 5

when will it happen?
who's more likely to...?
risk factors

Front 6

Control/Influence:

Back 6

change?

Front 7

7 Perspectives:

Back 7

Biopsychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Humanism
Pschodynamic
Behaviorism
Humanism
Cognitive Psychology
Sociocultural

Front 8

Biopsychology:

Back 8

direct result of events in the body

Front 9

Evolutionary Psychology:

Back 9

focuses on biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share
-our emotions evolve from animals

Front 10

Humanism:

Back 10

theorists wanted to shift the focuz to the aspects of human nature that makes us uniquely human
ex.our appreciation for beauty

Front 11

Psychodynamic:

Back 11

focuses on unconscious mind & its influences over conscious behavior and early childhood experiences with less emphasis on sex and more on development of self

Front 12

Behaviorism:

Back 12

"science of behavior"-observable behavior that can be directly seen and measured

Front 13

Cognitive Psychology:

Back 13

focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information

Front 14

Sociocultural:

Back 14

both studies of social and cultural psychology combined. focuses on the relationship between them

Front 15

psychobiological

Back 15

body chemicals
immediate relationships

Front 16

ex of evolutionary:

Back 16

generations over time
species-wide
most fit survive

Front 17

5 research methods:

Back 17

case study
survey
experiment
correlation
observation

Front 18

ex. of humanistic

Back 18

being the best you can be
free will
overcoming the past

Front 19

What are the steps to the scientific method?

Back 19

Observation
hypothesis
test hypothesis
analyze data
report results

Front 20

Observation:

Back 20

question

Front 21

Hypothesis:

Back 21

statement that can be proven

Front 22

Test Hypothesis:

Back 22

Experiment, study

Front 23

analyze data:

Back 23

draw conclusion

Front 24

report results:

Back 24

publish

Front 25

Observational Method:

Back 25

watching organisms behavior
Naturalistic:natural setting-doesn't know they're being watched
Laboratory-clinical setting

Front 26

Observational advantage:

Back 26

they'll behave "normally"
meeasure more accuratley in lab

Front 27

Observational disadvantage:

Back 27

discover - ruin results
biases
long time

Front 28

Case Study Method:

Back 28

study on person in great detail

Front 29

Case study advantage:

Back 29

a lot of information
study things you can't normally create in lab

Front 30

Case study disadvantage:

Back 30

can't generate the information to other people

Front 31

Survey Method:

Back 31

questions
paper
interview
online

Front 32

Survey advantages:

Back 32

anonymous = honest
quick & easy

Front 33

Survey disadvantages:

Back 33

pressure
long-not taken seriously
answer how they think they should
question wording

Front 34

Descriptive Research Methods:

Back 34

Observational Method
Survey Method
Case Study Method

Front 35

Predictive Research Method:

Back 35

Correlation Method

Front 36

Correlation Method:

Back 36

relationship between 2 or more variables

Front 37

Correlation advantages:

Back 37

predict

Front 38

Corrlations disadvantages:

Back 38

it never proves cause - effect

Front 39

Casual Research Method:

Back 39

Experimental method

Front 40

Experimental Method:

Back 40

manipulate/change one variable to see if it affects another variable

Front 41

Experimental advantages:

Back 41

control variables
ext. cause - effect

Front 42

Experimental disadvantages:

Back 42

sometimes people don't take it seriously

Front 43

Independent Variable:

Back 43

one you manipulate

Front 44

Dependent Variable:

Back 44

outcome variable

Front 45

what is motivation?

Back 45

that which focuses attention, directs behavior, and sustains actions toward a goal

Front 46

extrinsic

Back 46

outside,reward

Front 47

intrinsic

Back 47

inside, satisfaction

Front 48

1. 3 social needs

Back 48

need for power
need for affliliation
need for achievement

Front 49

2. instinct

Back 49

inborn species-wide unlearned patternt, automatic

Front 50

3. incentive

Back 50

rewards

Front 51

4. hierachy of needs

Back 51

nsformational
self-actualization
aesthetic
cognitive
esteem
belongingness
safect
physiological
--you can't move up until you've accomplished the one before

Front 52

5. self-determination

Back 52

autonomy-
choice,
competence(smart)
relatedness(social connect)

Front 53

6. arousal

Back 53

(sensational seekers)
optimal level can't be too high or too low

Front 54

7. drive-reduction

Back 54

you get a need then need to fulfill that need to reduce the tension
(achieve homeostasis)

Front 55

theory x:
assumptions about employees

Back 55

incompetent
lazy
motivated by $
task - most important

Front 56

theory x:
behaviors toward employees

Back 56

give specific directions
over the shoulder
talk down to
directive

Front 57

theory x:
advantages/disadvantages

Back 57

A: work gets done
high productivity
organized
D: not liked by emplyees :(
high turnover

Front 58

theory y:
assumptions about employees

Back 58

self-motivated
liek to work
take pride in work
relationships are important

Front 59

theory y:
behaviors toward employees

Back 59

respectful
ask for opinions
give you space/time

Front 60

theory y:
advantages/disadvantages

Back 60

A: happy employees(:
positive energy
D: employee may take adv.
productivity(maybe)

Front 61

what is personality?

Back 61

unique way in which people think, act, and feel

Front 62

3 components of personality are:

Back 62

id
superego
ego

Front 63

id

Back 63

(devil)
biological needs
unrestrained
impulsive
unconscious
pleasure principle

Front 64

ego

Back 64

mediator
judge
reality principle

Front 65

superego

Back 65

(angel)
moral center
conscience-right/wrong
parents/society
ideal principle

Front 66

concious:

Back 66

aware of
(top of iceberg thats out of water)

Front 67

preconscious:

Back 67

not in conscious but easily brought into conscious
(right beneath water in iceberg metaphor)

Front 68

unconscious:

Back 68

don't want to admit
(bottome of iceberg!)

Front 69

Oral stage
age
erogenous zone &
conflict:

Back 69

0-1 & 1/2
mouth
weaning

Front 70

Oral stange
adult manifestations:

Back 70

smoking, chewing, thumb sucking, over eating, nail biting, sarcasm

Front 71

Anal stage:
age
erogenous zone &
conflict:

Back 71

1 & 1/2 - 3
anus
potty training

Front 72

Anal stage:
adult manifestations:

Back 72

anal retentive - extremely neat
anal expulsive - ext. messy

Front 73

Phallic stage:
age
erogenous zone &
conflict:

Back 73

3 - 6
genitals
oedipus(boy) / electra(girl)

Front 74

Phallic stage:
adult manifestations:

Back 74

homosexuality

Front 75

Latency stage:
age
erogenous zone &
conflict:

Back 75

6 - 11
n/a
n/a

Front 76

Latency stage:
adult manifestations:

Back 76

n/a

Front 77

Genital stage:
age
erogenous zone &
conflict:

Back 77

12 - ?
genital
task: find a replacement for oppisite sex parent

Front 78

Genital stage:
adult manifestations:

Back 78

promiscuity

Front 79

What are the big 5 personality dimensions?

Back 79

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism(emotional stability)

Front 80

openness:

Back 80

high score - try new things
low score - dont like change

Front 81

conscientiousness:

Back 81

high score -organized
low score - careless, unorganized

Front 82

extraversion:

Back 82

extravert -outgoing, sociable
introvert - nonsocial, solitary

Front 83

agreeableness:

Back 83

high score - friendly, pleasant, easygoing
low score - grumpy, hard to get along with

Front 84

Neuroticism:

Back 84

high score - worrier, moody, overanxious
low score - calm, eventempered