Psyc. 1101 Test 1

Front 1

Definition of Psychology?

Back 1

The Science of behavior and mental processes.

Front 2

Which School is associated with Titchener?

Back 2

Structuralism.

Front 3

Mary Whiton Calkins

Back 3

In 1890 was assigned the task of teaching experimental psychology at Wellesley College, a new womens college at the time. Studied with William James at Harvard University. Completed all the requirements for a PhD is psyc., but Harvard refused to grant her the PhD degree because at the time Harvard was not co-ed. Conducted research in many areas, including dreams, memory, and personality. 1891 established psyc. lab. at Wellesley College. Wrote "Introduction to Psychology." In 1905 was elected president of the American Psychological Association- the first woman to hold that position.

Front 4

Who conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell rather than food?

Back 4

Ivan Pavlov.

Front 5

What does the Cognitive revolution refer to?

Back 5

In the 1960s, psychology experienced a return to the stud of how mental processes influence behavior. Represented a break from traditional behaviorism.

Front 6

What is the basic goal of the experimental method?

Back 6

To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Front 7

Why do researchers try to avoid being detected in naturalistic observation?

Back 7

Because the basic goal of naturalistic observation is to detect the behavior patterns that exist naturally-- patterns that might not be apparent in a laboratory or if the subjects knew they were being watched.

Front 8

What is the difference between a control group and a experimental group?

Back 8

The control group(condition) serves as a baseline against which changes in the experimental group(condition) can be compared. Control groups go through all the experimental phases that the experimental group goes through, but are not exposed to the independent variable.

Front 9

Why use a placebo control group?

Back 9

To measure the effects of an actual independent variable, or treatment of interest, on the experimental group. In terms of testing, or experimenting with medication a placebo group helps researchers determine how effective the actual medication is and whether or not subjects are effected merely because they think they should be effected.

Front 10

(Know the differences between correlational, single-blind, and double-blind studies.) Correlational-

Back 10

A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other. As a result it can provide a correlation coefficient (a numerical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables). It cannot be used to demonstrate a true cause-and-effect relationship.

Front 11

(Know the differences between correlational, single-blind, and double-blind studies.)
Double-blind-

Back 11

Experimental technique in which neither the participants nor the researcher interacting with the participants is aware of the group or condition to which the participants have been assigned.

Front 12

(Know the differences between correlational, single-blind, and double-blind studies.)
Single-blind-

Back 12

In contrast to a double-blind study, this is a study in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are aware of critical information.

Front 13

Define Biological psychology.
(Biological psychology is also called biopsychology or psychobiology.)

Back 13

Specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and systems.

Front 14

What do nuroscientists study?

Back 14

In general, the nervous system. In more detail: The neural basis of behavior. The various parts of the nervous system like the visual or auditory system. The function of groups of neurons. The study of what individual neurons do in relation to a "event" (also neurotransmitter studies). What happens at the synapse. What happens at ion channels on a neuronal membrane. And the genetic basis of neuronal function.

Front 15

How many neurons are in the brain? (not cells)(That is... a human brain...?)

Back 15

An estimated 100 billion neurons.

Front 16

What are the 3 basic types of neurons?

Back 16

Sensory, motor, and interneurons.

Front 17

To increase the amount of information a neuron receives, what needs to be increased?

Back 17

Dendrites.

Front 18

What is a myelin sheath?

Back 18

A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed.

Front 19

What is the electrical charge of a neuron at the resting state?

Back 19

-70 millivolts

Front 20

Describe the synaptic gap.

Back 20

The tiny, fluid filled space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron. About five-millionths of an inch wide.

Front 21

What is the make-up of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back 21

Includes the brain and the spinal cord. (Spinal cord connects the brain and the Peripheral nervous system.)

Front 22

What is the make-up of the peripheral nervous system?
(The peripheral nervous system carries messages to and from the central nervous system(CNS).)

Back 22

Consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscles and transmits sensory information to the CNS. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary body functions and consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system arouses the body to expend energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system calms the body to conserve and maintain energy.

Front 23

Know which part of the brain creates new neurons. (Neurogenesis)

Back 23

The hippocampus.

Front 24

When drunk, which brain structure is effected? In other words, which brain structure is responsible for muscle coordination and maintaining posture and equilibrium?

Back 24

The cerebellum.

Front 25

What is the primary communitcation link between the two brain hemispheres?

Back 25

The corpus callosum.