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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific Theory |
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world (also not responsible for explaining one specific event or an educated guess) |
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Confirmation Bias |
tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and to deny anything that contradicts them |
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Belief perserverance |
Stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts it. |
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Metaphysical Claims |
assertions about the world we can't test. God, Souls, afterlife |
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Social Culture Influences |
-Social or behavioural level
-Involves relating to others and personal relationships |
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Psychological |
mental or neurological level |
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Biochemical |
Molecular or Neurochemical |
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Area actions singlely determined? |
No, actions are multiply determined which means produced by many factors. |
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Individual difference is what?? |
means we respond differently to the same situation! |
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what is naive realism? |
we trust common sense b/c we're prone to naive realism. It is the belief that we see the world precisely as it is. |
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Why does psychology use scientific method ? |
to TEST hypothesis and delevop theories |
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What is the popular psychology industry ?? |
sprawling network of everyday sources of information about human behaviour. |
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What is pseudoscience ? |
set of claims that seem scientific, but is not. |
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Why are we drawn to pseudoscience ? |
Some people are illerate when it comes to science people like to make sense out of nonsense |
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What is the difference between Rational and experimental thinking ? |
Rational: is using reason or logic |
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What is Pareidolia ? |
perceiving meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli. |
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What are some signs of pseudoscience? |
1.Ad Hoc immunizing hypothesis (escape hatch that defender of a theory use to protect against falsification) 5.Absence of connectivity |
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What is pyschobabble? |
Jargon used in popular psychology (special or big words that are hard for regular people to understand) |
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What are some dangers of pseudoscience ? |
Opportunity Cost |
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SCIENTIFIC SKEPTICISM what is it? |
We should evaluate claims with an open mind |
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Pathological skepticism |
tendency to dismiss any claims that contradict one's beliefs. |
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What is Oberg's dictum???? |
premise that we should keep our minds open, but not so open that we believe virtually everything. |
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What is critical thinking ? |
set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded careful fashion. (;) |
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Occam's Razor (Parsimony) hint:simple |
simplest explanation for a given set of data is the BEST one |
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Ruling out rival hypothesis means |
means we need to consider alternative hypotheses |
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CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSATION |
3RD VARIABLE PROBLEM |
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What are some logical fallacies ? Name 4 |
1. Emotional reasoning fallacy (error of using our emotions to the validity of the claim) 3.Either- or fallacy |
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What are the theoretical frame works of psychology ? |
-Structuralism |
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Structuralism is what ? |
insisted on systematic data collection and empiricism (sense-experience) |
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Functionalism |
using evolutionary theory in modern psychology |
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Behaviourism |
helped to understand learning and the importance of scientific vigor |
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Cognitivism |
focus on our interpretation of events |
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Psychoanalysis |
starting point for conceiving mental processes outside of conscious awareness. |
